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Networking Overview
Chapter 1 - Networking: An Overview
50
Computer Science
12th Grade
02/06/2013

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Term
network
Definition
a system of devices and software linked together by some communications channel for the purpose of carrying data, voice, and video communications
Term
media
Definition
the copper wire, fiber-optic cable, radio or infrared waves, or microwaves that link the various components of a network
Term
resources
Definition
the hardware (like printers), software (like applications), and data (like documents and pictures) that can be shared among the users of a network
Term
geographic reach and complexity
Definition
two characteristics on which network classifications are based
Term
PAN (personal area network)
Definition
network is usually composed of devices like mobile computers, tablets, and smartphones within about 30 feet
Term
USB (wired) and Bluetooth (wireless)
Definition
two types of connections typically used in a PAN
Term
LAN (local area network)
Definition
network consists of interconnected devices in close physical proximity, such as a house, an office, or a building
Term
MAN (metropolitan area network)
Definition
network that often links multiple LANs which may belong to different organizations over distances up to 30 miles
Term
fiber-optic cable and wireless
Definition
two types of media typically used when connecting LANs in a MAN
Term
CAN (campus area network)
Definition
network consists of multiple LANs all belonging to the same organization
Term
WAN (wide area network
Definition
network consists of two or more LANs, MANs, or CANs connected over a distance exceeding 30 miles
Term
enterprise network
Definition
network classified not by size, but by the variety of resources the network provides to its users
Term
node
Definition
any device connected to a network such as a printer, a notebook computer, or a network switch
Term
host
Definition
a computer with hardware, software, and/or data resources to share on the network
Term
client
Definition
a computer that shares the resources provided by another node
Term
peer
Definition
a network node that has the ability to act as a host for some resources and a client for others
Term
workstation
Definition
a type of node with its own processor and operating system, giving it the ability to support both local applications and run network applications
Term
server
Definition
a powerful computer that can support access to a shared resource by many simultaneous users
Term
NIC (network interface card); also network adapter
Definition
a hardware device through which a node is connected to the communications media of the network
Term
protocol
Definition
a common language used by a variety of dissimilar network devices to communicate with each other
Term
fault tolerance
Definition
the ability of a network to continue to operate at an acceptable level in the event of a hardware, software, or media failure
Term
topology
Definition
refers to both the physical arrangement of cabled and wireless network devices and the logical path data follows as it travels from device to device
Term
cable plant
Definition
the pattern in which network cabling is laid in an office, a building, or a campus
Term
decentralized
Definition
network layout in which cable runs between each node on a network
Term
centralized
Definition
network layout in which each node is connected to a common device
Term
demand for network services - number and kinds of applications used - network traffic - connections to other networks - security - growth potential
Definition
six considerations when selecting a network topology
Term
bus
Definition
network topology in which nodes are connected together on a single cable like links in a chain
Term
terminator
Definition
device connected to the end of a bus cable segment to absorb leftover signals before they can be reflected back
Term
relatively inexpensive - requires less cable than other topologies - easy to extend bus with a workstation
Definition
advantages of the bus topology
Term
low fault tolerance - can become quickly congested with network traffic
Definition
disadvantages of the bus topology
Term
ring
Definition
network topology in which nodes are connected on a continuous data path with no beginning or ending point
Term
redundant ring
Definition
type of ring topology implementation in which nodes are connected to two, independent data paths passing data in opposite directions
Term
easier to manage than bus - high fault tolerance in a redundant ring - suited to transmitting signals over long distances
Definition
advantages of the ring topology
Term
more expensive to implement than bus - has become outdated so there are fewer equipment options
Definition
disadvantages of the ring topology
Term
star
Definition
network topology in which nodes are connected to a central device
Term
hubs - switches - routers
Definition
three examples of network devices that may serve as the central device in a star topology
Term
start-up costs are much lower than other topologies - easier to manage - defective nodes can be quickly isolated - high fault tolerance - eEasier to expand by connecting nodes or networks
Definition
advantages of the star topology
Term
requires more cable than bus - failure of central device may cause network failure
Definition
disadvantages of the star topology
Term
mesh
Definition
network topology in which every node is connected to at least two other nodes in the network
Term
full mesh
Definition
network topology in which every node is connected to every other node in the network
Term
MAN
Definition
network implementation most likely to use a mesh topology
Term
tree; also star-bus
Definition
network topology in which a high-speed bus is used to connect multiple star-based LANs
Term
backbone
Definition
a high-speed (usually fiber-optic) cable used to connect the main hubs in a WAN
Term
easy to segregate network traffic so that communications in one limb of the tree can be isolated from other limbs
Definition
advantage of the tree topology
Term
may require more cable - if main trunk is down, connected limbs can not communicate with one another
Definition
disadvantages of the tree topology
Term
bus
Definition

the type of topology illustrated below

[image]

Term
ring
Definition

the type of topology illustrated below

[image]

Term
star
Definition

the type of topology illustrated below

[image]

Term
mesh
Definition

the type of topology illustrated below

[image]

Term
tree
Definition

the type of topology illustrated below

[image]

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