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Network Infrastructure Implementation
Chapter 1 Introduction to Networking Concepts
27
Computer Networking
Undergraduate 1
06/27/2012

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Term
Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)
Definition
Service in Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, and Windows Server 2008 that can automatically configure client IP addresses in the absence of a DHCP server. APIPA addresses do not contain a default gateway and can only be used to communicate on the local subnet.
Term
CIDR notation
Definition
Most common means of expressing a CIDR network address, such as 192.168.1.0/24 or 192.168.1.128/25.
Term
classful addressing
Definition
Means of segregating TCP/IP networks into Class A, Class B, and Class C networks based on the network address taking up the 1st, 1st and 2nd, or 1st and 3 octets of the IP address.
Term
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
Definition
Means of more granularly segregating TCP/IP networks based on the number of bytes used by the network address versus the host address.
Term
default gateway
Definition
Allows a host to communicate with devices that reside on a remote network.
Term
DHCP relay agent
Definition
Host that forwards DHCP requests to a DHCP server on a remote server, eliminating the need to deploy a DHCP server on each subnet.
Term
dotted-decimal notation
Definition
Most common means of expressing an IPv4 address, such as 192.168.1.154.
Term
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Definition
Service used to automate the distribution of TCP/IP addresses and associated configuration information such as the subnet mask, default gateway, and preferred DNS servers.
Term
Fully qualified domain name (FQDN)
Definition
DNS name comprised of the host name with the domain name appended to it, such as server1.contoso.com, where server1 is the host name and contoso.com is the domain name.
Term
host
Definition
Computer, printer, or other physical device configured with a network interface card.
Term
host address
Definition
Portion of an IP address that is unique to an individual device.
Term
HOSTS files
Definition
Text files used to provide name resolution for early TCP/IP networks.
Term
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
Definition
Commercial or not-for-profit entities that provide customers with a means of accessing the Internet.
Term
IP address
Definition
Means of identifying a unique host on a TCP/IP network.
Term
IP version 4 (IPv4)
Definition
Version of TCP/IP that has been most widely implemented on modern networks.
Term
IP version 6 (IPv6)
Definition
Newer implementation of TCP/IP that includes a much larger address space and numerous security improvements over IPv4.
Term
name resolution
Definition
Process of mapping an IP address to a human-readable “friendly” name, such as www.lucernepublishing.com.
Term
network address
Definition
Portion of an IP address that is shared by all hosts on the same subnet.
Term
network address translation (NAT)
Definition
Allows one or more private IP addresses to be mapped to one or more public IP addresses to allow hosts with private IP addresses to communicate on the Internet or another public network.
Term
network protocols
Definition
Provide the logical “language” to allow computers to communicate across a physical network medium.
Term
octets
Definition
Portion of an IP address that is 4 bytes in length.
Term
routing
Definition
Process of transferring data across a network from one LAN to another.
Term
static IP address
Definition
IP address that has been manually configured by an administrator.
Term
subnet mask
Definition
Used to define which portion of an IP address is the network address and which portion is the host address.
Term
Subnets
Definition
Logical grouping of computers within a TCP/IP network that is used to reduce network traffic and streamline administration.
Term
Subnetting
Definition
Process of subdividing TCP/IP networks into smaller units called “subnets.”
Term
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
Definition
Most common network protocol in use today; the network protocol used on the Internet.
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