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| An attraction between two or more atoms resulting in the formation of different chemical substances. |
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| A form of chemical bond characterized by the sharing of a pair of valence electrons atoms. |
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| A form of chemical bond characterized by transfer of electrons from one atom to another resulting in the attraction of oppositely charged ions. |
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| A group of atoms bonded together forming the smallest fundamental unit of a pure substance. |
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| The electrons in the outer shell or energy level that are available for bonding. |
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| A substance that dissolves in water to release a hydrogen ion (H+). |
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| A substance that dissolves in water to release a hydroxide ion (OH-). |
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| Changes in chemical substances involving bond breaking and/or bond forming resulting in different chemical substances. |
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| The measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution. |
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| rate of chemical reaction |
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| The speed at which chemical reactions occur affected by factors such as temperature, substances surface area, agitation, and pH. |
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Definition
| A negatively charged subatomic particle located outside the nucleus. |
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| A neutral subatomic particle located inside the nucleus. |
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| A positively charged subatomic particle located inside the nucleus. |
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| An atom or group of atoms in which the number of electrons is different from the number of protons resulting in a net charge other than zero. |
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| Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. |
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| The law stating many physical and chemical properties of the elements recur periodically as their atomic numbers increase. |
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| Change in velocity (a=change in v/change in t). |
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| Change in position from one point to another (distance and direction). |
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| velocity = displacement / time |
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| The tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion. |
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| force = (mass)(acceleration) |
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| Vector sum of all forces acting upon an object. |
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| The relationship among net force, mass and acceleration (F=ma). |
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Definition
| All forces occur in equal and opposite pairs. |
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| Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation |
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Definition
| Every mass attracts every other mass with a force directly proportional to the masses and inversely proportional to the distance between them. |
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Definition
| Opposite charges pull towards one another. |
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| The force between two charged particles that is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charges and inversely proportional to the distance. |
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| Like charges push away from one another. |
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| Number of complete waves that pass a point per second. |
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| mechanical wave properties |
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Definition
| Frequency, wavelength, and speed of a wave through a medium are related by the formula (velocity = frequency x wavelength). |
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| The substance that carries a wave. |
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| Distance between adjacent crests. |
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| Kinetic (electrical, heat, light, motion, and sound), and potential (chemical, gravitational, mechanical, and nuclear). |
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Definition
| Energy can transfer from one form to another (e.g. nuclear to heat, chemical to mechanical, electrical to light). |
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Definition
| Bending of light as it passes around the edge of an object. |
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| The effect of waves coinciding to create a new wave pattern. |
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| The kinetic energy that flows between two samples of matter due to their differences in temperature. |
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| Transfer of heat energy between heat substances that are in direct contact with one another. |
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| The movement of ensembles of molecules with gases and liquids. |
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| Heat transfer due to electromagnetic waves. |
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| A disturbance that travels through space as a result of changes in the motions of charges or changing magnetic field. |
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| A continuum of all electromagnetic waves arranged according to frequency and wavelength. |
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| Chemical reaction in which heat is absorbed. |
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| Chemical reaction in which heat is released. |
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