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Nervous Tissue
Nervous Tissue
32
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
03/17/2014

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Term
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Definition
Control center
Stimulates movement
Maintains homeostasis (with endocrine system)
Term
NERVES
Definition
Neurons traveling together, 45 miles of them
Groups of axons
Term
NEURONS (nerve fibers)
Definition
Conducts electricity to send messages
Term
NEUROGLIAL CELLS
Definition
Glue other neurons together
takes care of other neurons
feeds and protects neurons
50 glial cells to each neuron
Term
SENSORY NEURONS
Definition
Afferent (arrives)
Temperature
Light
Pressure
Special Senses
Term
INTERNEURONS
Definition
(association)
Entirely CNS
99% all neurons
Connect Afferent and Efferent neurons
Term
EXCITABLE NEURON
Definition
Ability to respond electrically to stimuli
Term
CONDUCTIVITY NEURONS
Definition
Pass electrical signals through plasma membrane
Term
SECRETION NEURONS
Definition
Secrete Neurotransmitters that stimulate the adjacent cell
Term
MOTOR NEURONS
Definition
Efferent exit
Connect CNS to effector organs
Muscle
Glands
Term
ASTROCYTES
Definition
Star shaped
Brace neurons
Form barrier (b-b) between capillaries and neurons
Control the chemical environment of the brain
Supply glucose to neuron
Secrete nerve growth factors promoting neuron growth (after stroke)
Clean up neurotransmitters and K ions from tissue fluid
Cover entire brain surface in the gray matter of the CNS
(kings taster)
Term
OLIGODENDROCYTES
Definition
Produce myelin sheath around nerve in the CNS
Have up to 15 arms
Term
SCHWANN CELLS
Definition
Form myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system
Term
NODES OF RANVIER
Definition
Gaps in myelin sheath along axon
Term
MICROGLIA
Definition
The clean up crew
Spider like phagocytes
Dispose of debris
Concentrated in areas of damage or stroke
Term
EPENDYMAL CELLS
Definition
Lines cavity of brain and spinal cord
Produces and circulates the cerebral spinal fluid
Term
cerebral spinal fluid CSF
Definition
Fluid brain and spinal cord are bathed in.
Term
SATELITE CELLS
Definition
Surround cell bodies
Not much known
Regulate chemical environment?
Provide electrical insulation?
Term
ANAXONIC NEURON
Definition
Found mostly in brain (retina, adrenal medulla)looks like sun with rays all around
Term
BIPOLAR NEURON
Definition
Olefactory
one axon and dendrite at each end
Term
UNIPOLAR NEURON
Definition
Carries sensory signals to the spinal cord
cell body attached to axon
Term
MULTIPOLAR NEURON
Definition
Brain and spinal cord
look like tree
Term
MYELIN SHEATH
Definition
An insulating layer around a nerve fiber.
Term
SYNAPSE
Definition
Meeting point between neuron and any other cell.
Term
ACTION POTENTIAL
Definition
A change in charge that travels as a wave along the membrane of a neuron.
Term
RESTING NUERON
Definition
Sodium is in large concentration along the outside of the cell membrane.
Potassium ion are in large concentrations along the inside of the cell membrane.
Inside the cell is predominantly negative.
Term
NEURON FIRING
Definition
Change in the membrane permeability to potassium = open
Charge flows= current
Term
STARTING A NERVE IMPULSE
Definition
Depolarization
Allows sodium to flow into cell
The exchange of ions initiates and action potential in the neuron
Term
ENDING THE IMPULSE
Definition
Repolarization - returns to negative potential
Potassium ions rush out and sodium ions rush in
The sodium - potassium pump restores original configuration
Term
NERVE IMPULSE PROPAGATION
Definition
The nerve impulse continues to move away from the cell
Term
CONTINUATION OF THE NERVE IMPULSE
between two neuron
Definition
Impulses are able to cross the synapse to another nerve
Neurotransmitter is released from a nerves axon terminal
The dendrite of next neuron has receptors that are stimulated by the neurotransmitter
Term
TRANSMITTING NEURON
Definition
Vesicle fuses with plasma membrane
Neurotransmitter is released into synaptic cleft
Neurotransmitter binds to receptor on receiving neurons membrane
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