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Neoplasia
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29
Pathology
Undergraduate 3
02/11/2014

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Term
Neoplasia
Definition
New growth
-Cancer
Term
Pap Smear Results
Definition
Normal
Dysplasia (cell change)
Cancer
Term
Cytology
Definition
study of cells
Term
Invasive
Definition
Malignant
-when a basement membrane is breached by cells
Term
Continuous Spectrum
Definition
Hyperplasia
Metaplasia
Dysplasia
Neoplasia
Term
Components of Neoplasm
Definition
neoplasitc cells
stroma and blood vessels
Other cells: Dendritic cells, lymphocytes
Term
What is used to predict behaviour
Definition
Cytology and histology
Term
Biology of neoplasms
Definition
transformation
growth (proliferation < death)
invasion(cell grows and then spreads)
metastasis (spread from one location to another)
Term
Neoplastic Theories
Definition
Somatic mutation theory
Tissue organization field theory
Term
Somatic mutation theory
Definition
Genome instability
DNA mutation changes cell
Term
Tissue organization field theory
Definition
Alteration in interactions among cells and between cells and their extra cellular matrix
-due to envrio
Term
Detecting neoplasia
Definition
needs 30 divisions (1g)[doesn't need a blood supply]
-only 10 more division = 1 kg (catching it early doesn't help)
Term
Name based on Phenotype
Epithelial
Definition
Adenoma
Epithelioma
carcinoma
Term
Name base on Phenotype
Mesenchymal
Definition
Fibroma
Fibrosarcoma
Term
Name base on phenotype
Round cell & other
Definition
Lymphoma
Melanoma
Term
Effect of neoplasia on host
Definition
local effect (where it is grown) and hormonal effect(the whole body)
Cancer cachexia
paraneoplastic syndromes(group of clinical signs that have been felt)
Treatment
Term
Progonsis
Definition
How long do you have to live
Determined by certain criteria
Term
Prognosis Criteria
Definition
-Phenotype (what kind of neoplasm it is)
-Grade (determined by histological assessment of mass)
-Surgical Margins (end of surgical wound is studied)
-Stage (how far it has spread)
Term
Grading
Definition
Based on Histological features
features of malignancy
-feature show it might spread
Growth rate
-cell cycle time
-percentage of proliferating cells
-amount of cell loss
Term
Staging Criteria
Definition
-local invasion: has it invaded the cells around it?
-Vascular invasion: invaded blood vessels
-Lymph node Metastases: only to tell if spread - look in diff places
-Distant Metastases
Term
Staging Detection
Definition
Cytology (lymph nodes)
Histopathology (lymph nodes)
Medical imaging
Term
Metastasis: Pathways
Definition
Spread of neoplasm to a diff location from the original
Heamatogenous: having to do w/blood veseels
Lymphatic: spreads through the lymph nodes
mesothelioma: is one of the other ones
-malignant
Term
Therapy
Definition
-Surgery: debulk or excise
-Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy
-Immune Stimulation:
-Alternatives
-Targeted therapy
Term
Chemotherapy
Definition
trying to kill all rapidly dividing cells
Term
Immune stimulation
Definition
taking and culturing the neoplasis, and injecting them back into patients
Term
Targeted therapy
Definition
Just target the neoplasm tissue, w/o causing side effects
Term
Molecular Determinants
Definition
-DNA damage - mutation
-Tumour suppressor genes -control
-Oncogenes
-Defects in DNA repair
Term
Tumour suppressor genes
Definition
-cell cycle
-apoptosis
-DNA repair
Term
Oncogenes
Definition
being prominent in some neoplasms
-derived from proto-oncogenes
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