Halo Effect

Occurs when the perceiver develops an overall impression of a person or situation based on one characteristic, either favorable or unfavorable.

Projection

Tendency of perceivers to see their own personal traits in other people.

They project their own needs.

Perceptual Defense

People developing blind spots in the perceptual process so that negative sensory data does not hurt them.

Attributions

Judgement's about what causes a person't behavior - something about the person or something about the situation.

(external or internal)

Distinctiveness 

(attributions)

Does a person behave like this in other situations.

Consistency 

(attributions)

Does a person have a history of behaving this way at other times.

Concensus 

(attributions)

Do other people behave in this way in similar situations.

Emotional Intelligence

1) self awareness

2) managing emotions

3) motivating oneself

4) empathy

5) social skills

Locus of control

Placing primary responsibility on one's success or failure either within oneself (internally) or on outside forces (externally)

Internal - control your fate

External - pawns of the fate

Self Serving Bias

People give themselves too much credit for what they do well and give external forces too much blame when they fail.

Personality Trailts

1) Extroversion

2) Agreeableness

3) Conscientiousness

4) Emotional Stability

5) Openness to Experience

Stereotyping

Tendency to assign an individual to a group or broad category.

Perceptual Distortions

Errors in perceptual judgement that arise from inaccuracies in any part of the perceptual process.

ex. stereotyping, halo effect, projection, perceptual defense.

Primacy & Recency

People pay relatively greater attention to sensory data that occurs towards the beginnning of an event or toward the end.

Perceptual Selectivity

Process by which individuals screen and select the various stimali that vie for their attention.

Perception

The cognitive process people use to make sense out of the environment by selecting, organizing, and interpreting information from the environment.

Attitudes affect perception and vice versa

Cognitive Dissonance

a psychological discomfort that occurs when individuals recognize inconsistencies in their own attitudes and behaviors.

Job Satisfaction

A positive attitude toward one's job.

*People experience this attitude when their work matches their needs & interests.

Organizational Commitment

Loyalty to and heavy involvement in the organization.  An employee with a high degree or organizational commitment is likely to say we when talking about an organization.

Components of Attitudes

Cognition - thoughts

"My job is interesting"

Affect - feeling

"I love my job"

Behavior - intention to act

"I'm going to get to work early with a smile on my face"

Organizational Citizenship

Work behavior that goes beyond job requirements and contributes as needed to organizational success.

Mechiavellianism

tendency to direct much of one's behavior towards the acquisition of power and the manipulation of other people for personal gain.

The learning process

Concrete

/           Experience         \

Active                                            Reflective

Experimentation                               Observation

\               Abstract          /

Conceptualization

Problem Solving Styles

four functions related to this process: sensation, intuition, thinking, and feeling.

Four prolbem solving styles

1) sensation - thinking

2) intuitive - thinking

3) sensation - feeling

4) sensation - feeling

Type A & Type B behavior

Type A:  behavior patterns characterized by extreme competitiveness, impatience, aggressivemness, and devotion to work

Type B: Behavior patterns that lacks type A characteristics and includes a more balanced relaxed lifestyle.