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NAVLE-Radiology
Radiology
35
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
04/21/2009

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What does kVP determine?
Definition
PENETRATING ability of radiographs
Term
What would happen if you increased kVP?
Definition
increases film blackness and contrast
higher kVp is more contrast-y
Term
What would be your kVP setting for abdomen vs thorax?
Definition
HIGH for SOFT tissues
LOW for bone
Term
What does mA determine?
Definition
QUANTITY of electrons and film DENSITY (darkness)
Term
What does mAS control?
Definition
mA X time= INTENSITY of rads
Term
An increase in distance decreases the intensity mas by __.
Definition
4
Term
What would be a mAS setting for abdomen vs thorax?
Definition
LOW for soft tissues
HIGH for bone
Term
What are the different radiologic densities in order of increasing density?
Definition
Air-->Fat-->water-->bone-->metal
Term
If a film is too light what could be your problem?
Definition
UNDERexposure, focal distance too long, speed of intensifying screen too SLOW
Term
How could you fix a film that is underexposed?
Definition
Double mA and add 10 to kvp
Term
What could be some problems causing films to be too dark? How do you fix it?
Definition
OVERexposed, too high mA, too fast
1/2 mA, subtract 10 from kVP
Term
In general, how could you make a film darker?
Definition
increase mA, kVP, or time
Term
What would be some causes of a GREY radiograph?
Definition
SCATTER (THICK BODY PARTS W/O GRID), stored too hot/humid
Term
What would cause yellow radiographs?
Definition
fixation time too short, fixer exhausted
Term
What would cause black dots on radiographs?
Definition
develop solution falls on undeveloped film, films stick together so they touch fixer
Term
What would cause white spots on radiographs?
Definition
defective cassette screens, dust or grit on film surface, drops of fixer on film before development
Term
What would cause blurring of radiographs?
Definition
poor film-screen contact, pt movement, poor centering of primary beam
Term
What would cause film distortion/magnification?
Definition
focal film distance too long
Term
What does an intensifying screen do?
Definition
decreases the amount of radiation needed
Term
What is non-screen film used for?
Definition
intra-oral exams, dental, nasal, bony extremities, LONG exposure time with GREAT DETAIL
Term
What kind of crystals are smaller and finer and give more detail?
Definition
Silver Bromide crystals
Term
What is the developing order?
Definition
Developer solution (turns silver halide crystals into black metallic silver)
Rinse solution (stops development and prevents fixer contaimination)
Fixer (2x as long as developer to harden film, and prevents removal of crystals)
Wash bath (removes processing chemicals from film and prevents discoloration)
Term
On dental rads, what is the PARALLEL technique used for?
Definition
MANDIBULAR PREMOLARS/MOLARS
Term
In dental rads, what is the BISECTING technique used for?
Definition
MAXILLARY AND MANDIBULAR CANINES AND INCISORS
Term
In dental radiography, what is the advantage of using the bisecting technique over the parallel technique?
Definition
minimizes image distortion that come form inability to place film parallel to central axis of tooth, if you don't use this the tooth appears elongated or shortened
Term
What artifact is seen on US when the beam hits highly reflective structures (such as stones) and forms a dark area beyond the structure (because the structure blocks US waves)?
Definition
shadowing
Term
What artifact occurs when the US beam hits non-attenuating structures and emerging US beam will have higher intensity (brighter image)?
Definition
acoustic enhancement/through transmission
Term
Give an example of US artifact-acoustic enhancement?
Definition
GALL BLADDER
if you shine US thoruh gallbladder and liver, there is a bright beam below the gall bladder
Term
What kind of US artifact happens when a comet tail with bright, parallel, evenly spaced lines occurs?
Definition
reverberation
Term
Give an example of US reverberation artifact.
Definition
US meets strong reflectors (gas or bone)....LUNGS
Term
What is the A-mode on US?
Definition
amplitude mode...1D display, returning echoes=SPIKES (intesnstiy show in HEIGHT of peaks)
Term
What is B-mode on US?
Definition
brightness mode, 2D imaging
Term
What is M-mode on US?
Definition
motion mode; echo, used for CMP or where you want accurate measurements, motion of the organ is shown as WAVY LINE across the screen
Term
Why is it better to shave for US?
Definition
decreases sound reflection (hair catches air=reflextion)
Term
When is a linear array probe used in US? Why?
Definition
transrectal US, tendons in horses
produces RECTANGULAR cross sectional image
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