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Myer's Psychology for AP unit 7A vocab
ap psych chapter 7a vocabulary
25
Psychology
12th Grade
11/17/2011

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Term
memory
Definition
the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Term
encoding
Definition
the processing of information into the memory system-for example, by extracting meaning
Term
storage
Definition
the retention of encoded information over time
Term
retrieval
Definition
the process of getting information out of memory storage
Term
sensory memory
Definition
the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Term
short-term memory
Definition
activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten
Term
long-term memory
Definition
the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. includes knowledge, skills, and experiences
Term
working memory
Definition
a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Term
parallel processing
Definition
the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision. contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
Term
automatic processing
Definition
unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings
Term
effortful processing
Definition
encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Term
rehearsal
Definition
the conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Term
spacing effect
Definition
the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study of practice
Term
serial position effect
Definition
our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Term
visual encoding
Definition
the encoding of picture images
Term
acoustic encoding
Definition
the encoding of sound, especially the sound of words
Term
semantic encoding
Definition
the encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words
Term
imagery
Definition
mental pictures; a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding
Term
mnemonics
Definition
memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Term
chunking
Definition
organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically
Term
iconic memory
Definition
a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Term
echoic memory
Definition
a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Term
long-term potentiation LTP
Definition
an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Term
flashbulb memory
Definition
a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Term
amnesia
Definition
the loss of memory
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