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Mycology 1
Exam 1
29
Microbiology
Undergraduate 3
09/17/2010

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Anamorph
Definition

Imperfect form

 

The asexual stage of  fungi

Term
Telomorph
Definition

Perfect form

 

The sexual stage of fungi

Term
Homo- v. Heterothallic
Definition

Homothallic refers to the spawn from a single thallus (body).

 

Heterothallic refers to the need for two self-sterile thalli to meet and form a spawn.

Term
Plamsmogamy
Definition

(stage of sexual reproduction)

Fusion of two protoplasts

Term
Karyogamy
Definition

(stage of sexual reproduction)

Fusion of two nuclei

Term
Meiosis
Definition

(stage of sexual reproduction)

Reduction division

Term
Microsporum canis
Definition

Mostly zoophilic.

Most infections caused my zoophilics.

Cats and dogs are the major reservoir.

Commonly produces Tinea Capitis (scalp) and Tinea Corporis (body).

When it invades the hair it is of the ectothrix type.

Telomorph (acsomycete) is called an arthroderma.

Term
Microsporum gypseum
Definition

Geophilic.

Has two genetically distinct telomorphs.

Causes Tinea Corporis (body) and Tinea Capitis (scalp).

 Invasion of hair os of the ectothrix type (outer shaft).

Produces macroconidia in great numbers.

Rat-tail-like, thin filaments at the end of the macroconidia.

Term
Trychphyton
Definition

Smooth walle conidia -- differentiated from Microsporum (spindle like, bumpy conidia).

Club shaped macroconidia -- rare in anthropophilic spp.

All telomorphs belong to genus Arthroderma.

Term
T.mentagrophytes
Definition

Two distincs forms (zoophilic and anthropophilic).

Causes white-spot onychomycoses.

Anamorph of more than one telomorph.

Zoophilics produce many microconidia.

T.m. var. mentagrophytes causes inflammatory lesions in Tinea Capitis of the ectothrix type. Also causes Tinea Corporis, Unguium (nails), and Barbae (beard/mustache).

Term
T.rubrum
Definition

Common in cosmopolitan areas (anthropophilic).

Most frequen cause of Tinea Cruris (crotch), Tinea Corporis, and Tinea Pedis (feet) worldwide.

Individuals can be life-time carriers.

Telomorph unknown.

Term
T.tonsurans
Definition

Leading cause of Tinea Capitis in the U.S. (Endothrix).

Characteristic "black dot" with alopecia (hair loss).

Few macroconidia.

Abundant microconidia.

No reported telomorph.

Term
T.schoenleinii
Definition

Causes Favus (generally in the scalp) -- favus refers to honeycomb.

Favus is a pus bag formation, very smelly, and may lead to permanent hair loss -- can lead to hypertrophy of the skin and appears as brain like formations on the scalp.

Widespread in Eurasia and Africa.

Telomorph unknown.

Endothrix infections.

No macro- or microcinidia.

Forma a favis chandelier (antler like formations in culture).

Term
T.concentricum
Definition

Primarily causes Tinea Capitis.

Asia, Mexico, and South America.

Rare in U.S. and Canada.

Formations on the skin appear as concentric circles.

 

Term
Epidermophyton
Definition

Deuteromycetes (no telomorphs found).

E. flocossum commonly causes Tinea Cruris.

No microconidia.

Found in cosmopolitan areas.

Term
Basidiocarp
Definition

Mushrooms.

The basidiocars is the cap of the mushroom.

Basidium hang from underneath the carp and release basidiospores.

Hyphae have clamp connections from the formation of binucleated hyphal cells.

Term
General basis for the classification of dermatophytes.
Definition
The presence and type of macroconidia.
Term
Major fungal opportunistic infections.
Definition

Candidiasis

Aspergillosis

Cryptococcal meningitis

Fusarium

Penecilium marneffei

Term
General superficial mycoses.
Definition

Malsezia furfur

Exophiala wernechii

Trichosporon beiglii

Piedraia hortae

Aspergillus spp.

Term
What disease does Malasezia furfur cause?
Definition
Tiena Versicolor
Term
Key characteristics of Malasezia furfur
Definition

Lipophilic.

Normal Flora.

Associations with sweating.

Distribution Wordlwide.

Phialidic budding.

Term

Dermatophyte infection initiation.

 

Definition

minor traumatic skin lesions contact dermatophyte hyphae.

Multifactorial -- fatty acids, immunosuppression, moisture, etc.

Term
Chronic infection.
Definition
Prolonged infection generally caused by T.rubrum.
Term
List of dermatophytes and the diseases they cause.
Definition

Malasezia furfur -- Tinea Versicolor

Trichosporon beigelii -- White Piedra

Piedraia hortae -- Black Piedra

Exophiala werneckii -- Tinea Nigra

Aspergillus spp. -- Otomycoses

Microsporum audouinii -- Tinea Capitis (ectothix)

Trichophyton tonsurans -- Tinea Capitis (endothrix)

Trichophyton violaceum -- Tinea Capitis (endothrix), Tinea Cruris

Trichophyton shoenleinii -- Tinea Capitis (endothrix)

Epidermophyton floccosum -- Tinea Pedis, Tina Corporis, Tinea Cruris

Trichophyton mentagrophytes -- Tinea Pedis, Tinea Capitis (ectothrix), Tinea Barbae, Tinea Cruris, Tinea Unguium

Trychophyton rubrum -- Tinea Pedis, Tinea Cruris, Tinea Unguium

Microsporum canis -- Tinea Capitis (ectothrix)

Trichophyton ferrugineum -- Tinea Capitis, Tinea Cruris

Trichophyton verrucosum -- Tinea Barbae

 

Term
Tinea Imbricata
Definition

A form of Tinea Corporis

Caused by Ttichophyton concentricum -- skin formations forming concentric circles.

Term
Why use Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) for examining skin scrapings of infected patients?
Definition
KOH dissolves skin readily while fungi are more resistant to KOH
Term
Wood's Lamp
Definition
U.V. lamp useful for observing dermayophyte infections.
Term
Arthroderma
Definition
Telomorph of Microsporum
Term
Intoxication Types
Definition

Mycetismus -- mushroom poisoning (from performed toxins)

Mycotoxicosis -- acquired from eating foods contaminated with fungi.

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