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Music history test 3
music history
40
History
Undergraduate 2
11/22/2009

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Cards

Term
Contrafactum
Definition
keep secular tune, replace lyrics with sacred text
Term
Orlando di Lassus
Definition
worked for Duke Albrecht in Munich. "Master of motet", negotiated between catholic and protestant opinions
Term
Palestrina
Definition
"savior of church music", italian, used parody technique in works
Term
Prima Practica Style
Definition
straight forward rhythms, controlled dissonance, less imitation than previously--got rid of confusion in text
Term
Parody Technique
Definition
taking piece of composed melody and putting it in another piece.
Term
Melody and accompaniment
Definition
becomes dominant texture in England c. 1600, rather than previous equal voice counterpoint
Term
lute ayre
Definition
solo voice+lute accompaniment, England c. 1600. Flow My Tears was greatest hit of this.
Term
Baroque Period
Definition
1600-1750, "irregularly shaped pearl", discussed as grand, strong contrasts, intesne ornamentation, emphasis on outer voices
Term
Stile concerto/the concerted style
Definition
opposing sonic forces, Greek cross style, pieces used in St. Mark's Basilica in Venice
Term
Basso Continuo
Definition
1. melodic instrument plays bass line, 2. Lute/harpsichord fill in rest of chord
Term
Stile antico
Definition
(prima practica), equal voice polyphony, strict counterpoint, usually sung a capella (PALESTRINA)
Term
Karnatic Music
Definition
One of 2 main subgenres of Indian classical music. Usually performed by small ensemble, (vocalist, melodic accompaniment, rhythmic, and drone (tambura))
Term
Solo sonata
Definition
1 instrument melody+basso continuo=3 total
Term
Trio Sonata
Definition
2 melodic instruments + basso continuo=4 total
Term
Sonata form
Definition
genre, 17th century, 4 movements (slow, fast, slow, fast). Fast=binary AB. A=tonic -> close key and B=close key -> tonic
Term
solo concerto
Definition
3 movements, (fast, slow, fast), solo instrument + orchestra
Term
concerto grosso
Definition
small group of instruments + orchestra
Term
ritornello form
Definition
aka rondo form, ABACADA played by orchestra in a concerto.
Term
Mirabai
Definition
Indian princess who composed hundreds of Bhajan. Devoted to Lord Krisna, and revered as a saint of her time
Term
Bhajan
Definition
ecstatic love songs/prayers in India
Term
Hindustani Music
Definition
Second part of Indian classical music. Uses raga and tala and contains much improvisation
Term
Claudio Monteverdi
Definition
Developed basso continuo, highlighted importance of text in music rather than harmonies. Said words should be the most important aspect, before harmonies (opposed Artusi)
Term
Baroque opera
Definition
used castrati for high parts. Women were not allowed to sing.
Term
Bach
Definition
German composer during the baroque. Famous for inventions, fugues and incredible counterpoint
Term
Purandara Dasa
Definition
Teacher, and "father of karnatic music". Created exercises to train students in raga and tala.
Term
raga
Definition
pitch organization. indian solfege (sa, ri, ga, ma, pa, dha, ni, sa). ascending/descending raga, can depict them by timbre and microtones. only 50-100 used today
Term
tala
Definition
Term
tala
Definition
rhythm. Metrical cycles that repeat in karnatic and hindustani music. Waves, claps, and finger gestures important. Audience knows tala.
Term
svara
Definition
Indian note that can be ornamented upon with gamaka
Term
Tansen/Tanasena
Definition
Court musician employed by Akbar the Great. Great figure in North India, wrote many raga and invented the dhrupad.
Term
Dhrupad
Definition
Vocal performance of indian music. centered around sacred text to a hindu/muslim deity, with drum and drone (tambura). Usually syllabic with clear enunciation
Term
Anthem
Definition
motet with text praising God on behalf of a monarch. (sacred choral composition) Big in Elizabethan England
Term
Cross-relation
Definition
Minor 2nd between voices
Term
Amen Cadence
Definition
also called plagal cadence, IV -> I, used in anthems in Elizabethan England
Term
Josquin des Prez
Definition
Amazing composer in France, employed by Duke of Ferrara. Not sociable, humble, quick to compose, and wanted lots of money for work. But incredible at composing music.
Term
Reformation
Definition
Protestants trying to break away from catholics (martin luther). Also aimed to simplify music in church. religious revolution
Term
Counter-reformation
Definition
Catholics, aimed to make sung text in church less confusing and more understandable. (got rid of a lot of imitation). --Palestrina came to the rescue
Term
Alternatim Technique
Definition
Verses of the chant alternate between organ and monophonic singing.
Term
Cantus Firmus technique
Definition
replace chant with newly composed melody.
Term
Chorale
Definition
Monophonic, folk-like tune with sacred (not necessarily biblical) words. used in protestant churches in place of Gloria to engage entire congregation. Changed form of the mass
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