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Music History Exam 1 Terms
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47
Music
Undergraduate 3
10/20/2010

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Term
Estampie
Definition
Medieval French Dance, characterized by paired couplets.
Term
Drone
Definition
A non melodic or harmonic tone; a steady note that provides a base.
Term
Monophony
Definition
An unaccompanied melodic line
Term
Homophony
Definition
A melodic line accompanied by chords.
Term
Non imitative counterpoint
Definition
Two melodies that serve each other and are equal and independent.
Term
Imitative Counterpoint
Definition
Two melodies that start at different times and go back and forth
Term
Antiphony
Definition
Two or more instrumentive groups that are homophonic of themselves going against each other.
Term
Madrigal
Definition
1. Most popular late renaissance secular vocal genre.
2. Composer set poem to music as vividly as possible.
3. Great variety of musical textures.
4. Italian, but later popular in England.
Term
A Capella
Definition
Voices without any instrumental accompaniment.
Term
Word Painting
Definition
Using musical techniques to emphasize a point in the text of music.
Term
Canzonetta
Definition
Vocal, but may/not have an instrumental accompaniment. Secular, light, popular style. Strophic poem usually about love.
Term
Chitarrone
Definition
Droning, Medieval guitar instrument that is strummed.
Term
Basso Ostinato
Definition
A bass melody that is repeated over and over with melodic stuff over it.
Term
Rondo Form
Definition
ABACA; always returning back to the A.
Term
Antecedent Phrase
Definition
Goes with consequent phrase: ends on half cadence, usually follows with consequent phrase.
Term
Consequent Phrase
Definition
Strong ending: usually goes with antecedent phrase.
Term
Etude
Definition
A piece used to solve a technical difficulty.
Term
Character Piece
Definition
A 1 instrument piece used to depict a certain mood. Used heavily by Romantics.
Term
Ternary Structure
Definition
ABA
Term
Celesta
Definition
A keyboard like instrument that strikes bells. Modern, adds a surreal effect. Used by Bartok.
Term
Night-music Style
Definition
Eerie dissonances providing backdrop to melodies. Bartoks favorite. Scary night. Uses hungarian scales and rhythms. Arch form.
Term
Dixieland Combo
Definition
DruG ClaP TTT. First jazz combo. Theme is established, everyone takes a solo, theme comes back. First jazz group. Organized into upper melody and backup melodie groups.
Term
Heterophony
Definition
The sounding of a melody and it's variants simultaneously. Jazz.
Term
Carnatic
Definition
Southern India.
Term
Hindustani
Definition
Northern India.
Term
Sitar
Definition
Two gourds connected by long neck. Allows for heavy syncopation and improvisation found in Ragas. Usually takes lead instrument. Played by a guru that takes on an apprentice.
Term
Tambura
Definition
Lute like thing held upright. 4 strings tuned to 1 and 4/5 and their octaves. Apprentice plays drone. Not a lead instrument.
Term
Tabla
Definition
2 tuned drums, a larage and small. Skilled musicians duel with sitar or jaltarang. Rhythms based of tala. Pitch determined by moving fingers up and down drum.
Term
Jaltarang
Definition
Set of porcelain bowls tuned by amount of water in them. In semicircle around musician and struck with bamboo sticks. Musician improvises off Raga main tones to start and eventually keeps steady melody.
Term
Raga
Definition
Melodic framework of Indian music. 1st beat not necessarily emphasized, but all performers arrive at it to show harmony of universe.
Term
Slendro
Definition
Indonesian pentatonic scale where all tones are equally apart through the use of microphones.
Term
Pelog
Definition
Indonesian scale with 7 + octave tones. Space between 3+4 and 7+1. Dissonances.
Term
Chordophone
Definition
Produces sound by vibrating strings.
Term
Aerophone
Definition
Produces sound through vibrating column of air.
Term
Membranophone
Definition
Produces sound through stretched membrane.
Term
Idiophone
Definition
The material of itself vibrates. Struck, rubbed, shaken, etc. Bongos table etc. Made of all kinds of crazy substances.
Term
Metallophone
Definition
Idiophones made of metal.
Term
Gamelan
Definition
Indonesian orchestra that varies in size. Each instrument is handcrafted for the gamelan. Includes gender, saron, gongs, drums, suling and rebab.
Term
Gender
Definition
Creepy as fuck sounding instrument; out of tune xylophone that usually plays the lead. Plays the music in traditional puppet shows, also scary as fuck. Struck with water buffalo mallets. Can play backup or lead.
Term
Saron
Definition
Lower sounding gender, usually plays slower sounding melodies.
Term
Erhu
Definition
Violin like instrument with strings suspended in midair. Easy to bend pitches. Originally a solo instrument, but bigger ones allow for concertos.
Term
Pipa
Definition
Lute like Chinese instrument. 4 strings. Frets of bamboo and ivory. Plucked with fingernails or plectra. Can solo or duet.
Term
Pentatonic scale
Definition
5 note per octave scale, made popular in Asian music.
Term
Sheng
Definition
Dying phoenix instrument. Organ thing you play like a harmonica. Produces simultaneous pitches. 1st organ. Resembles bird with folded wings.
Term
Call and response
Definition
Melody, followed by improvisation on melody.
Term
Wiik
Definition
Recorder like Ghanan instrument that has limited range.
Term
Gulu
Definition
Drums, cylindrical, allow for advanced syncopation.
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