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Music 133 Final Vocab
A non-exhaustive list of Mus 133 vocab.
76
Music
Undergraduate 2
05/08/2012

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Term
Sign
Definition
Anything that stands for something else that creates an effect perceived as meaningful to someone. (Icon, Index, Symbol)
Term
Iconic Sign
Definition
sign connected to an object through resemblance between the sign and the object (internal context).

example:music genres
Term
Indexical Sign
Definition
-Sign connected through experiencing a sign and an object together (co-occurance).

-more emotional type of sign
Term
Symbolic Sign
Definition
Connection between sign and object is based on language, and an agreed upon definition of a word.
Term
homophony
Definition
A single melodic line with accompaniment.
Term
Heterophony
Definition
2 or more instrument or voices performing variants of a melody simultaneously, but not in strict unison.
Term
Polyphony
Definition
Music with two or more melodic parts sounding together
Term
Contrapuntal
Definition
A piece of music with 2 or more independent melodic lines
Term
Cultural Cohort
Definition
A unit of cultural identity based on a restricted number of shared habits and similarities of parts of the self.
Examples: age, gender,grade, religion,skin color and occupation
Term
African Music style
Definition
--This area's music tends to be participatory in nature with a dense sound, buzzy texture, wide tuning, and cyclical/ repetitive form.

--It tends to be combined with dance to form unity between the sexes.
Term
The start of African Popular Music
Definition
European music taught to Africans in mission schools, Christian churches, and military bands.

Examples:
-Zimbabwe: mbira music w/ acoustic guitar (Mapfumo’s electric band).
-Mande: kora and kontingo w/ acoustic guitar (Super Rail Band).
Term
The 4 social groups of Latin America
Definition
1. Indigenous
2. Criollo (European type habits)
3. Mestizo (mix of habits)
4. African Heritage (brought over "Africanisms")
Term
Siku
Definition
Peruvian panpipes (southern)

-It interlocks with another siku to go up and down the scale.
-Used in large groups during festivals.
Term
Kena
Definition
notched flute used in Southern Peru
Term
Bombos and Wankara
Definition
Types of drums and percussion used in Southern Peru.
Term
Aymara
Definition
-2nd most spoken indigenous Andean language.

--Their culture is Egalitarian, and has no hierarchy--every decision is made as a group (consensus).
--This shows in their music style because they perform only as a community.
--Participatory style (w/ density, high registers, and repetition);No solos.
Term
Pastorita Huaracina
Definition
-She wanted to get back to her rural roots, and her music reflects this. It is a mix of indigenous and mestizo (in music and dress). She had vibrato and high-pitched whoops at end of phrases.
Term
Chicha
Definition
-Music of 2nd generation migrants

-Had a wayno melody with new modern rhythm (cumbia).

--Electric instruments w/ rock influences.
Term
Sitar
Definition
-Plucked, long-necked fretted lute
-Indian melody instrument
Term
Alapana
Definition
The intro section to a raga.

- It has no drum, shows the melody and is an intro to the most important notes to come in the raga.
Term
Kriti
Definition
2nd part of "main piece" in kriti performance structure

-made up of Pallavi, Anapallavi, and Caranam
Term
Niravel
Definition
-3rd part in "main piece" of kriti performance structure.
-it is an improvised new melodic setting for a particular line in the kriti (usually Caranam).
Term
Svara Kalpana
Definition
4th part of Kriti structure, and is an improvised melodic passage in solfege syllables.
Term
Tani Avartanam
Definition
drum solo (and 5th part of kriti structure).
Term
Adi Tala
Definition
8 beat cycle (Indian)
Term
Solfege syllables
Definition
short syllables associated with a pitch (in Indian music)
Term
Mridangam
Definition
The main drum in Karnatak music (Indian)
Term
Tambura
Definition
a long-necked lute used to provide drone (Indian)
Term
Vina
Definition
A fretted South Indian melodic instrument w/ drone strings.
Term
Women stereotypes
in South India
Definition
Women did more dance-related genres b/c they were associated w/ the "body".

-genres include Padam and Javali.
Term
Men gender stereotypes
in South India
Definition
Men were associated w/ the "mind", so they do more improvisation and competitive roles.

-genre example is Ragam-Tanam.
Term
Indian Classical styles of music
Definition
--more learning by oral imitation

--made up of smaller ensembles w/ no harmony

-- more emphasis on Improv and creativity

--awareness of past traditions

--attended mainly by elites and the educated.
Term
Hindustani
Definition
North India's major classical system

has more improvisation and includes Sitar, Table, and Tambura.
Term
Karnatak
Definition
South Indian major classical system
-more fixed, it includes the vina, mridangam, and tambura.
Term
Bhajan
Definition
South Indian, group devotional song.

-call and response btwn kids and adults
-more participatory and repetetive, denser texture
Term
Mbira
Definition
African instrument normally made out of a gourd that serves as a resonating box, with vibrating metal or wooden strips attached for plucking.
Term
Kumbengo
Definition
Ostinato riffs in a solo kora performance (African)
Term
Birimintingo
Definition
Improvised solos (african)
Term
Jali
Definition
African musicians and oral historians.
Term
People of African Heritage
on the plantation
Definition
-African heritage people were the first people to pair banjo and fiddle together to play in U.S.
Term
Clawhammer
Definition
a rhythmic type of style of playing a banjo where your thumb and hand curves and strums in a downward motion. Used by slaves first.
Term
Dicent Signs
Definition
A type of index; a sign affected by what it stands for.
Term
Participatory performance
Definition
Artistic practice where no audience-artist distinction is made.
The goal is to involve as many as possible of all skill levels.
Term
Presentational Performance
Definition
Situation where artists prepare and provide music for an audience group, who do not participate in the music making.
Term
High Fidelity
Definition
The making of recordings intended to be indexical or iconical of a live performance.
Term
Studio Audio art
Definition
The creation and manipulation of sounds in a studio or on a computer to create a recorded art object. "art for art's sake"
Term
Semiotic Density
Definition
Many signs occurring simultaneously
Term
Cultural Formation
Definition
A group of people that have a majority of preexisting habits in common that make up each individual member's self. ex: family
Term
Cosmopolitan
Definition
Cultural formations where they use money and try to save money instead of sharing with outer family.

--they might still believe in witchcraft before doctor though.
Term
Mbira
Definition
Associated with religious ceremonies
Term
Ngororombe
Definition
refers to panpipes, music and dance together.
Term
Hosho
Definition
Common type of shaker in Africa
Term
Jerusarema
(or Ngororombe)
Definition
"Outside the house" ceremony, no spirit possession
Term
Thomas Mapfumo
Definition
--sang protest songs using metaphors
--hosho replaced by high hat symbols
--base part of mbira replaced by base guitar
--"neo-indigenous" music
Term
Shona society
Definition
-highly patriarchical ociety
Term
Jarusarema/ Mbende
Definition
-- "outside the house" ceremony
--"field mouse"= mbende
--playful song where men have wooden clappers and women drive men back (inverted gender relationships) and participatory style
Term
Dandanda
Definition
Women hosho players
--once spirit arrives, everyone dances
--drink beer and dance all night
Term
Cosmopolitan vs Indigenous
African society
Definition
COSMO: monogamy, curency, Christian, presentational music styles
INDIGI: polygamy, lower class, witchcraft practiced, participatory music styles.
Term
De Black Evening Follies
Definition
-a well-dressed presentational band in 1940s;
put on a variety of acts in township recreation halls for middle class.
-imitated Jarusarema(too much emphasis on hip thrust)
Term
Old time string bands
Definition
-consist of Banjo, fiddle, and acoustic guitar
Term
Banjo = fiddle
together
Definition
first played together by african american slaves
Term
Minstrel shows in US
Definition
led banjo to move toward pop culture
Term
Devadasi
Definition
women dancers in India who became prostitutes after British changed things.
Term
"Say it Loud" vs "We Shall Overcome"
Definition
--Both are indexical of civil rights movement--
-"Say it Loud": lyrics, jazzy, horns, kids, and emphasis on differences
-"We shall Overcome": religious hymn during MLK time, and hope for peace and intregration
Term
Kontingo,
Ngoni,and
Halam
Definition
all are different words for the African proto-banjo.
Term
Skillet Lickers
Definition
An early commercial country music string band.
Term
Bluegrass Music
Definition
--credited by Bill Monroe
-adds Earl Scruggs to the band.
faster tempo, w/ jazz-like solos
-clearer sounding
Term
Earl Scruggs
Definition
an amazing Banjo player in Monroe's bluegrass band.
--came up with Scruggs's style of 3-finger picking of the banjo strings,
--gave banjo clearer sound.
Term
Great Folk Scare
Definition
a time when middle class northerners got interested in string band music.
Term
Kingston Trio
Definition
revivalist group, but less dense, more harmony, and more presentational.
--mocked rural southerners, but really from Hawaii.
Term
Quechua and Aymara
Definition
2 most common languages in Peru.
Term
Pancho mama
Definition
"earth mother" in indigenous areas who have relationship with earth.
Term
Egalitarian society
Definition
Society w/ no hierarchy. Everything is based on consensus, and noone holds too much power.
Term
Tarka
Definition
"Andean saxaphone" in music for carnivals.
Term
Wayno genre
Definition
genre in Peru that is most commonly composed by Mestizos, and the defining feature is the rhythm.
-- it's the main couple's dance.
Term
Chinchu Music
Definition
Andean Dance troup; Jungle music sang to virgin w/ narrative purpose.
--has unusual timbre
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