Term
What are the five characteristics of a good organ shoe? |
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Definition
1) Heel
2) Sole
3) Arch
4) Upper
5) Fit |
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Term
Compare and contrast the manner in which tone is produced in the piano and in the organ. |
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Definition
Piano sound diminishes as the note is held down.
Organ notes are sustained. |
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Term
What is the main consequence of difference between piano and organ touch and playing? |
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Definition
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Term
How does one compensate for the absence of the sustaining pedal in organ playing? |
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Definition
Specific organ techniques:
Perfect Legato
Independence of Line
Precisely-Time Releases |
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Term
What are the two reasons for increasing awareness of the release of the note? |
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Definition
1) To achieve perfect legato connections
2) The maintain precise attacks and releases |
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Term
| What is the control center of the organ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name and describe each of the three listening skills |
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Definition
| Precisely-timed Releases; Perfect Legato; Independence of Line |
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Term
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Definition
| Releasing the note timely as not to cause over legato or breaks |
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Term
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Definition
| There is no percieved break between notes |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability to play the above techniques in either hand or feet regardless of what the others are doing |
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Term
| What is one common error in legato and another in independence of line? |
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Definition
Over-Legato: overlapping the notes
Non Legato: breaks between the notes |
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Term
| Explain the freezing technique. |
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Definition
| Stop on a section of music & feel how it is being played then continue on with perfect legato |
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Term
| What are the three different types of pipework divisions: |
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Definition
| Enclosed, Encased and Exposed |
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Term
What are the characteristics of the Swell division, the Great division, and the Pedal division? |
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Definition
Swell - expressive/enclosed, flute chorus & reed chorus
Great - not enclosed, principal chorus
Pedal - ranks divided amongst swell & great, 16" compare |
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Term
What is the normal location of the Swell expression pedal relative to the pedal keys? |
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Definition
| Above the E / F foot pedals |
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Term
| What is the normal position of an expression pedal? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal position of the crescendo pedal? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal location of the crescendo pedal relative to the expression pedals? |
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Definition
| right of the Swell expression pedal |
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Term
| What are the three different types of stop controls? |
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Definition
| Stop Knobs, Stop Tabs, Rocker Tabs |
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Term
| How do you position yourself on the "left-right" axis? |
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Definition
| centered above the middle "D" key and able to extreme pedal ranges comfortably |
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Term
| How do you position yourself on the "up-down" axis? |
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Definition
| high enough to suspend feet over the pedals, barely depressing them; low enough to use heel comfortably; able to reach expression pedals |
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Term
| How do you position yourself on the "forward-back" axis? |
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Definition
| be able to place foot flat and comfortably on the swell pedal when fully opened; feet should be able to pass freely by each other |
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Term
| What are the four ways pivoting can be accomplished? |
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Definition
| 1) holding bench; 2) holding key cheeks; 3) push off of the keys; 3) push off of the pedals |
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Term
| What do you do when you experience pain or fatigue while practicing? |
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Definition
| Stop and find the source; fix it and then continue on. NEVER practice through the pain! |
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Term
| What are the six legato fingering techniques? |
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Definition
| 1) direct fingering; 2)redistribution of the inner part; 3) finger crossing; 4) direct fingering; 4) finger substitution; 5) finger glissando; 6) thumb glissando |
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Term
| In what two ways should independence of line be applied in legato-style organ playing? |
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Definition
| 1) between the two hands; 2) among the fingers of each hand |
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Term
| What is direct fingering? |
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Definition
| play adjacent fingers on adjacent keys; extend/compress hand without using other techniques to reach notes |
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Term
| What is the purpose of finger crossing? |
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Definition
| To be used in scale or "run" like passages |
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Term
| What are the five qualities of good practice? |
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Definition
| 1) regular practice; 2) intent listening; 3) playing slowly/in control; 4) consistent fingering/pedaling; 5) no stops/pauses if mistakes occur |
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Term
| What are five qualities of poor practice? |
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Definition
| 1) inconsistent practice; 2) mechanical/inexpressive playing; 3) problems go unnoticed in practice, corrected by teacher; 4)fingering/pedaling is uncertain; 5)stopping at mistakes |
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Term
| At what tempo should one practice? |
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Definition
| slow enough to stay in control |
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Term
| What are the three phases of learning a piece of music? |
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Definition
| 1) set a goals; 2) study the goals & how to accomplish them; 3) choose one & do it |
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Term
| How much fingering and pedaling should be included and played in a piece of music? |
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Definition
| enough that you can play a passage the same way each time |
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Term
| What are the two ways a piece can be broken down for practice? |
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Definition
| Vertically (working on specific measures) and Horizontally (working on specific lines) |
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Term
| What are the benefits of perfect-measure practice and starting from the end? |
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Definition
| piece is perfect on a individual measure basis; confidence in latter end of the piece |
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Term
| What is the three step method for learning a piece of music? |
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Definition
| 1) one hand; 2) the other hand; 3) both parts combined |
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Term
What is the seven step method for learning a piece of music? |
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Definition
1) Right Hand
2) Left Hand
3) Pedal
4) LH & Pedal
5) RH & Pedal
6) RH & LH
7) All Parts |
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Term
| What is the independent voice part method? |
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Definition
| 1) individual voice parts (SATB); 2) 2 part combinations; 3) 3 part combinations; 4) all parts |
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Term
| What four parts should practice time be broken into? |
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Definition
| 1) Warm-Up; 2) Building Time; 3) Interpreting Time; 4) Performance Time |
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Term
| How is mental practice accomplished? |
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Definition
| 1) play the piece slowly; 2) visualized playing the piece; 3) repeat the process 5 times in the mind & then play it |
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Term
| What are three types of mistakes? |
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Definition
| 1) an error; 2) a pause; 3) insecurity/lack of confidence |
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Term
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Definition
| FIND the problem, FENCE it, FIX it, FIT pieces back together |
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Term
| What are three types of activities that should be emphasized in practice when preparing for a performance? |
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Definition
| 1) learn to a point of memorization; 2) apply the four f's immediately following mistakes; 3) practice performing in front of people |
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Term
| What types of activities should be avoided in practice when preparing for performance? |
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Definition
| change; conscious attention to difficult, but mastered parts; mistakes; heavy practice; confidence degenerators |
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Term
| What are two ways to avoid organ-related health problems? |
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Definition
| practice in short, frequent sessions; take breaks during practice |
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Term
| What are the two main components of a pipe organ? |
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Definition
| 1) the console; 2) the pipework |
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Term
| What are the two main configurations in which organ consoles appear? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the components of the wind system? |
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Definition
| blower, reservoir, wind lines, wind chest, pipe |
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Term
| What is the function of stop action? |
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Definition
| to either engage or stop ranks from receiving air |
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Term
| What are the three different types of key action? |
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Definition
| MECHANICAL - series of functions open valve; PNEUMATIC - air driven assistance to open valves; ELECTRIC - electric signal opens valves |
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Term
| What do the numbers mean on a stop knob or tab? |
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Definition
| Identifies the basic speaking pitch of the rank of pipes (i.e. 8, 4, 2, 16, etc.) |
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Term
| What parts of the pipe define the speaking length? |
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Definition
| it is the distance from the mouth to the top of the pipe |
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Term
| Which pipe of a rank determines the pitch designation? |
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Definition
| the speaking length of the longest pipe in the rank |
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Term
| What are the most common octave sounding pitches on the manuals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the most common octave sounding pitches on the pedals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What note is heard when a 4' stop is pulled? |
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Definition
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Term
| What note is heard when a 2 2/3' stop is pulled? |
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Definition
| 1 octave and a perfect fifth |
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Term
| What note is heard when a 2' stop is pulled? |
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Definition
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Term
| What note is heard when a 1 3/5' stop is pulled? |
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Definition
| 2 octaves & a major third |
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Term
| What note is heard when a 1 1/3' stop is pulled? |
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Definition
| 2 octaves and a perfect fifth |
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Term
| What note is heard when a 1' stop is pulled? |
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Definition
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Term
| What note is heard when a 16' stop is pulled? |
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Definition
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Term
| What note is heard when a 32' stop is pulled? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two general ways in which the harmonic series functions in organ registration? |
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Definition
| 1) Tone Color; 2) Building Combinations |
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Term
| What are the three most common mutations? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the nature and function of a Chorus Mixture? |
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Definition
| Adds brilliance, progress higher in pitch, meant to cap off a principal chorus, reed chorus and flute chorus with octaves and fifth |
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Term
| What is the nature and function of a Solo Mixture? |
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Definition
| Adds solo color (i.e. 2 2/3, 1 3/5) |
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Term
| What makes up a "Cornet"? |
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Definition
| 8', 4', 2 2/3', 2', 1 3/5' |
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Term
| What is the touch that is recognized by most organists as standard for hymn playing? |
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Definition
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Term
| What five factors affect the amount of time that should be taken between repeated notes? |
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Definition
1) Tempo
2) Accent
3) Phrase Shape
4) Musical Style
5) Room Acoustics |
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Term
| What are the two parts of a hymn to which phrasing may refer? |
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Definition
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Term
| How can an organist increase the strength of a cadence? |
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Definition
| lengthen the break or lengthen the note following the cadence |
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Term
| What prevails when text and tune do not agree in phrasing? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the five pedal checkpoints? |
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Definition
1) Adjust position
2) Knees and Ankles
3) Sharps
4) Naturals
5) In General |
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Term
| What makes up the adjust position pedal checkpoint? |
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Definition
Left and Right
Forward and Back
Up and Down
Posture and Relaxation |
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Term
| What makes up the second pedal checkpoint, knees and ankles? |
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Definition
knees together
motion limited
keep feet relatively parallel to the keys |
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Term
| What makes up pedal checkpoint number three, sharps? |
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Definition
cover no more than half of the sharp key
toes
contact |
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Term
| What makes up the fourth pedal checkpoint, naturals? |
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Definition
play just clear of sharps
toes
heels
contact |
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Term
| What makes up pedal checkpoint number five, in general? |
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Definition
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