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1825-1900
Music brought at home. Piano in every home, many women knew how to play piano. Was an increased intrest in amature music making. Indusrial revolution led to a rise in the middle and upper classes. More of a consumer driven economy for the arts. Composers free to write what they wanted, began to explore more personal styles of self expression , building on many of the syles made popular during the classical period while finding new ways to create works that were unique to their personal style. Romantic literature had an effect on composers Goethe and Heine. |
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| Restored the French monarchy. Congress of Vienna (1814-1815) created new terriorial boundaries in an attempt to restore and equal balance of power throughout Europe. This counter revolution restored the French Monarchy, and many artists and philosophers heightened sense of romantic Ideal a life focused by god and naure driven by emotion rather than the rational thought of eligntenment. |
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| Composers Composistions in the Romantic Era |
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| Composers began to focus efforts towards the extremes of music. Tone poem A new single-movement orchestral gave composers another way of using musical expression with large insturmental groups. Symphonies and concertos became longer and more demanding and orchesthral forces requires to play these pieces increased as well. Small chamber music formats single- movement character pieces for solo piano and art songs (settings of romantic poetry for voice and piano). Many insturmental pieces took extra-musical ideas. Operatic styles began to evolve. |
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| Designed to convey images and emotions of even to tell complete stories through music. Nationlism in music was brought on in some instances by a patriotic spirit fueled by revolution and political upheaval. |
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| 1. The use of local folk tune, dance rythms, and/or the creation of new melodies that resemble the music of a composers homeland. 2. Programmatic music that paint musical portraits of local folk tales or scenes from the countryside. 3. The creation of nationalist operas, written in the local language and telling stories of folk life or local mythology. |
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(1797-1828)
Composed over 900 works, 600 art songs, 3 major song cycle 9 symphonies 7 masses, and 15 string quartets. His composistions span the transistion from the classical period to the Romantic era.
He made use of through composed. Also he made use of
Lieder German art song Strophic- the same tune over and over.
Modified strophic- basically same tune, but with significant alterations as text requires.
He mastered the violin and piano. He was frequently the center of creative gatherings which came to be called Schubertiads where he would join friends in intimate performances of his later works. His works were the bridge from the classical to era to the Romantic era. He died at age of 31. Little of his works were published during his lifetime. |
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through composed
Der Erlkong |
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have no clear discernable structure
German Lied by Franz Schubert |
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He may be viewed as a transistional composer whose works help bridge the classical and romantic style periods of music. Abrham Mendelsshon made the decision to convert his jewish family to christianity to avoid predujice europeans felt towards the jewish community.
His adhers closely to the structure and style of Haydyn and Mozart. Credited for bringing back and playing J.S. bachs music. He exceled in the arts when he was quite young. He played the piano and violin, composed music, wrote poetry, and started painting. Appointed Conductorof Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestrah. Very succesful performing organization that is still here today. |
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| Fanny Mendelssohn(1805-1847) |
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| Older sister of Felix Mendelssohn A composer and performer. She wrote over 400 works, mand which still have not been published. She and Felix remained close throughout their lives. At age 24 she married wilhem hensel. |
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Revolutionised the the world of solo musicians. His playing techniques were unparalleled. He was a virtuoso in the violin. Rumors had said he sold his soul to the devil.
He was a flamboyant figure on the stage. He made his performances seem effortless and yet increadibly dramatic at the same time. He developed a skill for playing entire works on just one string of his violin. In concert he would intentionally use a weak string or two.
His work as a composer also had an impact on a number of romantic composers who would follow him. His 24 caprices for solo violin have become regular features in every violionists repertory and something every serious violin student studies. |
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| Moto Perpetua No.2 in C Major |
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Character piece for solo violin with piano accompanyment.
by Niccolo Paginini |
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He came from a literrary background. He is a pianist, composer and music critic. Undisciplined he displayed a certain gift for both piano performance and composition. He studies with Fredrick Wieck He damaged his hand through exstensive repetitive practice on the piano. He joined the Neue Zeitschrift fur Musik, the new journal for music writing. Maried Clara Wieck Schuman.
He excelled in many areas of composistion. He wrote Symphonies, Choral works, solo art songs, and piano music informats large and small.
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| Married to Robert Schumann. She frequently preformed the works of Chopin and Brahms. Was the finests pianists of her day. She was one of the first prominent Female solo insturmental artists, and she player public concerts until she was 70. She broke new ground as a composer, publishing works under her own name. Bulk of her works for the piano. she also wote a number of Lider, and at age 15 she wrote a successful piano concert with a versatile accompaniment. Her and Robert petioned for the courts. Enjoyed more public acclaim then her husband |
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| Small, single-movement pieces Most popular during the romantic era. Many of the works absolute, and works for solo piano most common but some small character pieces were composed for a number of solo insturments with piano accompaniment. |
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| Is often reffered to as the "poet of the piano", and almost all of his composistion output is for piano. He had a french father, who taught french language, and a polish mother, who taught music both ran a boarding school in warsaw. He attended warsow conservatory in poland. Pushed piano techniques. Like shcubert he preffered to perform for small groups of friends and musically knowledgeable listiners. Chopin insisted that all of his music was absolute. He made good use of tempo rebato using subtle tempo fluctuations to heigten the emotional content of his music composistions. |
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24 preludes Op.28
No.7 in A major
No.3 in G major
No. 4 in E minor
composistions |
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Solo piano characrter pieces
Composed by chopin
Polish dances: polonaise/mazurka
Salon performances 2 piano conertos, conertos, ballades, polonaises. |
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He is referred to as the “Paganini of the piano” Greatest pianist that ever lived. Astonished audiences with his proformance of Beethovens late works some considered "unplayable". He put the piano sideways dressed up with flamboyance. Long gloves which he would pass out to fans. He pushed piano technique compositions and composed for piano and other forces. Piano composisitions are works big and small, and other major composistions Todtentanz, Hungarian fantasia, rapsodie espagnole. Two piano concertos and a number of composistions he called Symphonic poems/tone poems. progoromatic single movement orchestral works.
He concieved the idea of what he called the Thematic transformation simillar to berlioz idee fixe. |
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Etudes d'execution transcendante
movement 1 preludio
moverment 2 molto vivace |
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Solo Piano character pieces
Composed by Franz Liszt |
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Symphony Fantastique
Movement V Dream of a Witches Sabboth |
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Progromatic symphony
Composed by Hector Berlioz |
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Was the first tic composer in France. His skills orchestration established new techniques.
He was the son of of a physician and father watned him to follow the families footsteps. He entered medical school in paris but dropped out to pursue music as a career.
major roman Son of a physician Paris Conservatory of Music He loved Beethoven music and Shakespeares play. At age 26 he won the Prix de Rome, with a prize composistion, where artist was free to create new works while taking in Italian culture.
He composed Symphony fantastique in order to win over his love Harriet Smithson untill he realized he only loved the characters she played.
He created the idee fixe introuction of a reccuring theme in his symphony fantisque. uses the theme in all five movements to represent his love of intrest.
He wrote a number of large composistions, and one movement overtures, composed several operas. |
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1833-1897
German, Friend of Robert and Clara Schumann. He was more conservative not everyone thought so highlet of Brahms
Absolute music/Romantic art songs Classical formal structure
Modern harmony and rhythm.Focused most of his attention on absolute music but also displayed a gift for the composistions of romantic art songs.
He was over 40 years old before he wrote his first symphony. Composed 3 more symphonies all four conisdered masterpieces. Brahms also composed chamber pieces, including sonatas for various insturments, string quartets, quintets, conertos, choral works, over 200 lieder, and other assorted works for the piano.
Composed a requim when his mentor and then his mother died. |
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Multi movement work for soloists, choir, and ochestrah.
Requim by Johannes Brahms
New paths by robery Schumann 1853 intorduce Brahms |
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Is the most famous of all Russian romantic composers.
Nationalistic spirit among a group of Five Russian romantic composers. His music drew inspiration from Italian, German, and French music as well as Russian.
He made decision to study composition with Anton Rubenstein.
New conservatory in Moscow where he suffered great bouts of depression due to his self disappointment about his secrete homosexual tendencies. To try and cure this he married a femal student marriage complete disaster led to edge of a nervous break down. Salvation Madame Nadezhda von Meck a wealthy patron provided him with an annual stipend, a sum of money, and with regular comissions of new works. Lost von mecks support. Drank a glass of infected water/ poisoin suicide.
He composed Operas, symphonies, concert overtures, concertos, ballets, various vocal music. His compositional output includes major works in almost every musical genre. |
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1824-1884 Bohemia Nationalistic composer one most famous composers from czech.
He composed Two string quartets, folk opera, tone poems.
His two most famous composistions a folk opera The bartered bride and one of the most picturesque ever composed, the tone poem, Moldau. |
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| A one movement tone poem By Bedrich Smetana. |
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1818-1893 French considered a minor romantic composer.
Ave Maria He based on the c major prelude from bachs well tempured clavier. Ave maria orignially done by Josquin des pres. He also composed lyric operas, and three masses |
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Arai melody written over Bachs well tempured clavier.
Composed by Charles Gonoud.
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Opéra comique Grand opera Opéra lyrique French opera began to grow in popularity. Opéra lyrique, lyric oprea, was to present dramatic opera in a somewhat lighter style(and shorter works). Opera bouffe, pure comic opera
France Opera composers Georges Bizet Composed the opera Carmen one that shadows a new style of opera Verismo. Giacomo Meyerbeer. |
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Bohemian, nationalistic composer Extended stay in America. One of the first majot European composers to stay an extended time in america. Conductor of the newly founded National Conservatory of music in New York city. Wrote music in America this article discusses the need for american nationalistic american music.
Use of American folk idioms - “home grown”
He composed String quartets, Cello Concerto, New World Symphony. |
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| Autsria, Germany and Russia style Romantic Operas. |
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Definition
Austria and Germany
Mozart and Beethoven
Operetta Sphor, von Weber, Wagner
Russia
Blends together elements from many different styles but rarely fits into any one category.
Russian history and nationalism
Tchaikovsky, Glinka, Borodin, Mussorgsky |
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Northern Italy Early talent for music. Milan/La Scala Basic skeletal structural scheme constucted in three to four acts
He would compose Long arias, top of singer’s range to get back at singers who forgot their lines and innapropiate additions to his music to show off, or in some other ways cause problems in one of his opera performances
He openly discussed his concerns about the strength of german of german-influenced insturmental music and its growing impact on composers in Italy.
He Tended to stick with the composstions that would please the audience. He showed a sense for Italian nationalism
His most famous dramatic operas include Nabucco, Macbeth, Rigoletto, Il trovatoreRequiem. He created a monumental requim. Falstaff his one famous comic opera. |
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Tenor Aria Composed by Guiseppe Verdi
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When he came to world music he never really mastered any insturment but by the end of his career he had completely revolutionized the world of music in general, and opera in particular. Leitmotiv created Music drama Where all the elements of the artistic world would be unified into one fully synthesized work of art. Wagner was not thenicest guy in the world nor the most honorable and a very tough critic.
All of Wagners major composistions are operatic in nature with several of the most powerful insturmental writing in the romantic era. His early operas built along German French format.
Wagner made increased use of Leitmotiv (leadin motiv) originated from biographer ealr composer Carl Maria von Weber. He also extended the practice to embrace Berlioz concept of the idee fixe and Liztz idea of thematic transformation.
He created the opera house where he composed his song cycle Das Rheingold (The Rhine Gold) Der Walkure (The Valkery), Siegfried, and Gotterdammerung (the twilight of the gods). |
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Musica drama opera
By Richard Wagner |
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| With regard to instrumental compositions, Brahms focused most of his attention on absolute music. |
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| The Romantic period in music was a time marked by revolution, innovation, and an increased awareness or individuality. |
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| SchubertÕs personality was somewhat shy and reserved. |
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| Felix Mendelssohn never traveled outside of Vienna. |
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False
Schubert lived in vienna |
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| Composer Robert Schumann also worked as a music critic. |
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| As a soloist, Clara Schumann enjoyed more public acclaim than her husband during their life together. |
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| Chopin never made use of tempo rubato |
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False
chopin was a virtuoso with tempo rubato |
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| Franz Liszt is often referred to as the ÒPaganini of the piano.Ó |
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BerliozÕs Symphonie fantastique is an absolute symphony.
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False
It is a progrommatic symphony |
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GounodÕs Ave Maria is really a new melody based on a earlier composition by
a. Mozart.
b. Beethoven.
c. Josquin Des Prez.
d. J.S. Bach
e. none of the above.
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Famous Russian Romantic composer.
a. Tchaikovsky
b. Smetana
c. Schumann
d. Berlioz
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SchubertÕs Lieder are written in the following formal structure(s):
a. strophic.
b. modified strophic.
c. through-composed.
d. all of the above.
e. none of the above. |
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At the age of 26, was appointed conductor of the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra.
a. Mendelssohn
b. Brahms
c. Berlioz
d. Chopin |
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Compositional technique developed by Franz Liszt.
a. idŽe fixe
b. thematic transformation
c. leitmotiv
d. none of the above |
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| b. thematic transformation |
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Single-movement, programmatic symphonic composition.
a. concerto
b. symphony
c. fugue
d. tone poem
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| WagnerÕs concept of attempts to combine all the elements of the artistic world into one fully synthesized work of art. |
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| he concept for the French was to present dramatic opera in a somewhat lighter style. |
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| Bohemian composer served as director for the national Conservatory of Music in New York City. |
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| organized a performance of BachÕs St. Matthew Passion, which led to the gradual Òre-discoveryÓ of many of BachÕs masterpieces. |
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| Violinist revolutionized the world of the solo musician. |
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| Chopin is often referred to as the |
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| Berlioz introduced a recurring theme in his Symphonie fantastique called an |
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| List five important operas compsed by Verdi. |
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| NABUCCO, MACBETH, RIGOLETTO, IL TROVATORE, LA TRAVIATA. |
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| List the four individual operas that make up WagnerÕs Ring cycle |
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| DAS RHEINGOLD, DIE WALKURE, SIEGFRIED, GOTTERDAMMERUNG. |
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| DebussyÕs first composition to bring him any major attention was the tone poem Prelude ˆ lapres-midi dun faune. |
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| Edward Elgar wrote Pomp and Circumstance? |
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| Gustav Holst wrote Pomp and Circumstance? |
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False
He wrote the planets |
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StraussÕs tone poem Also sprach Zarathustra was used in the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey.
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| Mahler was a brilliant conductor as well as a master composer. |
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Composers Leoncavallo and mascagni are best remembered as composers of Verismo opera.
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| Bruckner actually has a Symphony No. 0. |
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| The compositions of Mahler can be viewed as a bridge into the twentieth century. |
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Anton Bruckner is FinlandÕs most famous composer.
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FALSE
Jean sibelius is finalnds most famous composer
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| Jean Sibelius studied the violin, an instrument on which he hoped to become a respected soloist. |
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| Anton Bruckner played the pipe organ. |
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Tod und VerklŠrung remains StraussÕs most popular and easily accessible program piece.
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FALSE
Till Eulenspill remains strauss's most popular and easily accessible program piece. |
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Debussys Prelude ˆ lapres-midi d'un faune was based on a poem by
a. Walt Whitman.
b. Edgar Allan Poe.
c. Stephane Mallarme.
d. Stephane Degas. |
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14. Opera style with a more realistic approach to plot and character development.
a. Opera buffa
b. Nationalism
c. Verismo
d. none of the above |
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Famous song cycle for voice and orchestra by Gustav Mahler.
a. Ariadne auf Naxos
b. Symphony No. 1 (Titan)
c. Till Eulenspiegel
d. all of the above
e. none of the above |
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e. none of the above
Kindertotenlieder and Desknaben Wunderhorn
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Considered by many to be the last of the great Russian Romantic/Post-Romantic composers.
a. Tchaikovsky
b. Rachmaninov
c. Elgarovsky
d. Stravinsky
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Gustav Mahler conducted
a. The Royal Opera in Budapest.
b. The Vienna State Opera.
c. The Metropolitan Opera in New York.
d. all of the above.
e. none of the above. |
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In the symphonic world, Gustav Holst is remembered for one major work, a programmatic suite titled
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StraussÕs first success as an opera composer came with Salome, which was based on a controversial play by
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| The one-act verismo operas and are frequently performed together in one evening. |
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| Cavalleria rusticana and I Pagliacci |
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| is revered as one of the most important early twentieth-century composers for wind band |
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| At the end of his life, Strauss composed a song-cycle for soprano and orchestra titled |
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| Vier letzte Lieder (Four Last Songs). |
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| List three important operas by Giacomo Puccini. |
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| MADAMA BUTTERFLY, LA BOHEME, TOSCA. |
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| List three important tone poems by Richard Strauss. |
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| OD UND VERKLARUNG (DEATH AND TRANSFIGURATION), SPRACH ZARATHUSTRA, TILL EULENSPIEGELS LUSTIGE STREICHE (TILL EULENSPIEGELÕS MERRY PRANKS), DON QUIXOTE, DON JUAN, EIN HELDENLEBEN. |
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| List four important compositions by Gustav Mahler. |
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Definition
| SYMPHONIES 1-9, LIEDER EINES FAHRENDEN GESELLEN (SONGS OF A WAYFARER), DAS KNABEN WUNDERHORN (THE YOUTHÕS MAGIC HORN), DAS LIED VON DER ERDE (THE SONG OF THE EARTH). |
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| Impressionism/post-impressionicsm |
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Definition
| Composers drew heavily on musical styles romantic erat but there were significant changes in the composers approaches. 1870s to describe art painters such as monet, Renoir and degas. Poetry symbolism. Gustav Mahler first composer during this era. Lieder Mahler Anton Bruckner. Rhythmic complexities, extended harmonies, “non-Western harmonies” |
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He attended the Paris Consevatory his radical harmonic concepts earned him the the disapproval of the theory and composition faculty.
He won the Prix de Rome prize in (1884) adn stayed in Italy for 2 years where he met Verdi And Liszt.
In 1899 he attended the Paris World Exhibition
wheret he got exposed to the Javanese gamelan
He began to use his technique Parallelism which he would use to move large, extended harmony chords up and down in direct parallel motion. Debussy made use of a heightened sense of chromaticism, using more notes that do not belong to a given key center. his first composition to give him and fame is a tone poem Prelude a l'apres-midi d'un faune (prelude to the afternoon of a faun) Tone poem is based on poem by Mallarmé
He also composed works for large forces, chamber music, solo piano, that basic literature every classical pianist must study. Also wrote a masterful string quartet in g minor, a number of art songs and a hauting piece for solo flute syrinx.
Madame von Meck |
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French in 1889 he entered the Paris conservatory.
Succesful composer who drew inspiration from Debussy but who followed his own musical course, branching out into a blending of old and new styles. Particulary fond of of traditional dacne rythms, and he often made use of more clear cut structures remiiniscent of the classical period. Pianist, studies composition with Fauré and he showed a gift for the art of orchestration. He had a knack for blending the diverse insturments of the symphony orchestrah in a mayriad of different ways giving himself a wide arrange of tone colors on which to create, which he would cleaverly go back and cleaverly arrange for the entire orchestrah.
He is considered a “Post-Impressionist”
He composed Ballets, 2 operas, chamber works, art songs, solo piano works 2 successful concertos for piano, and various smaller works for piano one in d major left hand only for soloist paul wittgen.
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Definition
Realism a more realistic tone set in modern times and avoided focusing on known characters. Puccini/Bizet more emotional ebb and flow
Mascagni Cavalleria rusticana/Leoncavallo Pagliacci relentless and draining emotional workouts. Due to their short lengths and similarity of style these to works are frequently performed together. I Pagliacci These operas had Realistic plots. |
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Definition
After verdi he is italys most famous compser of opera. Puccini's style is direct and personal his characters not major historical figuers. They are relatively normal placed in emotionally changed situations making his operas realistic slices of life.
His composistions show powerful emotional content which include Tosca, Madama Butterfly, 1904 Da capo aria. La Bohème, tosca
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Madama butterfly
act2 Un bel di |
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Definition
Madama Butterfly
De capo Aria Soprano |
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| Prelude a l'apres-midi d'un faune |
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Definition
Tone Poem
composed by Claude Debussy |
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Definition
Born and grew up in Bohemia/Vienna where he spent most of his life composing and conducting.
At the Age 15 - he entered the Vienna Conservatory
Converted himself to Catholicism in order to avoid anti semitism so he could get the job as director of the royal opera in budapest beacause he was jewish. Then he managed to get his dream job of conducting the Vienna state Opera house.
He is a perfectionist Conductor/Composer and director.
He Comes to America (NYC) Where he conducted the metropolitan opera and the newyork philharmonic.
He got infection in bloodstream which caused his bad heart to get worse and then he passed away in Vienna.
His composistions are the Bridge to twentieth century.
He was constanly making revisions frequently re-writing entire sections, changing his composistions.
9 symphonies, song cycles Das Lied von der Erd, and Kindertotenlieder. shortly before his youngest daughter died
When he was a kid his dad would beat him. |
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Definition
He displayed early talent as a singer, violinist, organist. He was a great inproviser on the pipe organ church and public performances. Worked many years as a teacher. His composistions reflect wagners influence.
Oldest composition student. He was frequently unsatisfied with his finished product, his symphonies went under major revisions.
Sonata cycle/thematic transformation
Nine symphonies (plus two early works, 0 the naught and earlier work 00) He also composed many wonderful sacred works a requim mass and various smaller works based on both liturgical, secular text, two settings of Ave Maria song text (palestrina) becuase he was a deeply religous man.
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Finlands most famous composer. A number of his works are Nationalistic including his most famous tone poem Finlandia.
He studied the violin in which he hoped to become a respected soloist. He began composing at a young age. His composistinal style is Inspired by the works of Tchaikovsky and later Bruckner.
He had a elemnt for thematic transformation, and his treatment of form and he also took an interesting approach to orchestration, short motifs transferred to another in a way that the orignial theme is transformed. He made unnusaul parings of various woodwinds and brass insturments, often mixing them with the string insturments.
Eight symphonies 6th masterpiece 8th lost or destroyed, violin concerto, chamber works for violin, and a popular string quartet. |
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Definition
His music continues to be popular in symphony halls and opera houses everywhere . He was a respected Conductor of both symphonic works and operas.
He was a Composer used loose progromattic ideas to organize many of his composistional thoughts. He wrought a number of vivid progromatic tone poems and symphonies that tell musical stories or draw on philosophical points of view.
sprach Zarathustra oppening, used in the begging of 2001 A Sapce Odyssey. Till Eulenspiegel is his most popular and easily accessible program piece. He wrote several other popular insturmental works. His father was a proffesional horn player, and early in his life he wrote a concerto for horn and orchestrah. Der Rosenkavalier (the knight and the rose) He toned this opera down a bit.
his first success as an opera composer came with Salome, which was based on a controversial play by Oscar Wilde.
Vienes censors banned this Opera from Opera houses at time.
stipteasing "Dance of the Seven Veils" shocking plot, and sensual music.
He also composed various concertos, and chamber music. |
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Russian composer.
After tchaikvosky is one of the most abused names in all of classical music. Best remembered today for his piano conertos and the Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini (also for piano and orchestrah.) He composed a number of smaller works for piano and large works for piano, orchestrah, three operas, three symphonies, tone poems/concert overtures, chamber pieces, and choral works.
His music marks the end of the true romanticism period in Russia. |
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| The Great Vespers of the Russian Church op. 37/1 |
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Acapella choral work
composed by Sergei Rachmaninov |
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1. Edward Elgar
2.Gustav Holst |
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British composers
1. he wrote Pomp and Circumstance, there is 5 Pomp and Circumstance Marches. part of a tune that used in highschool graduations. He is also remembered for a piece titled Enigma Variations concerto and his concerto for cello and orchestra in E minor.
2. in the progromattic world he is remembered for his progormatic suite titled the Planets, Hammersmith,
He is revered as one of the most important early composers for for Wind Band. Suites No. 1 in E flat and No. 2 in F, and Hammersmith performed by high school, college, and professional wind ensembles everywhere |
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Schuberts preconcieved formal structure is
no real discernable structure |
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Composers father who wanted him to be Frances best doctor physician.
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This composer flourished in Italian Operas style elecant very long top of singers range
Brahms
Strauss
Berlioz
Verdi |
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| Thematical composistion transformation |
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| By Franz Liszt He wrote music that focused on major thematic Idea. |
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Fixed idea composer uses the theme in all five movements to represent his love of intrest. reccuring theme
By Hector Berlioz |
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He/composer brought back J.S. bachs music made it popular
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| composers who dad had their family converted to christains |
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| Felix Mendelssohn and Fanny Mendelssohn |
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| 1900-1950 Primitivism, Expressionism, Neo-classicism, music concrete. composers created new music their own style. Did not care what audience thought. |
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| He is the most influential composer of the twentieth century. He composed the first three ballets written for the ballets russes (russian ballets) in paris, these had a effect on every composer who came in contact with music. Noted his first major ensembles used simpler formal structure, Neo Classical. His father was a principal bass singer of the Russian Imperial Opera House. His Le Sacre du Printemps (Rite of Spring) on the first perfromance started a riot, he and the conductor escpaed through back window. But later on became one of the most respected composistions of the twentieth century. Serge Diaghilev comissioned some of his works. |
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| Hungarian Pianists and composer Bela Bartok raised concept of nationalism in music to a new level. Opening from his motive works for hungarian land. He was a pioneer in the use of the arch form five or seven part rondo a-b-c-b-a/a-b-c-d-c-b-a. His concerto for orchestrah is one of the finest composistions ever created which demands virtuoso performance of every player in the orchestrah. |
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| He is a successcful concert panist and a important composer. He wrote Alexander nevesky a film score and a composition. |
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| spent bulk of his life battling betweeb trying to be an artisit who served the needs of svoiet state and being true to his own artictic vision. He composed symphony No.7 in a direct reaction to hitlers invasion of Russia. He composed over 100 works including chamber symphony Op.110a |
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| He was a successful performer on the viola and violin a noted teacher and music thoerist, a skilled conductor, and a brilliant composer. Hindemith was particularly generous in creating works for instruments that had been frequently overlooked. His early composistions dissonant. His operas contained scenes that were considered too overtly sexual for german public so they were all banned. |
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| His music was not predictable at all. He wrote the books Essays Before a Sonata and Memos. He displayed an early gift for music and his father a bandmaster trained him. He attended yale university, but he went into the insurance buisness to finance his music writing style. His string quartet No.2 mov 2 depicted an argument. |
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| He is considered americas most famous composer. His first composistions were dissonant. Middle ages Neoclassical phase writing music that was more tonal, making use of american folk music styles towards american audience. Last stages of composing he embraced serialism even more dissonant. He wrote nation list mueis later coined of mice and men. emblems |
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| American composer who is credited with being the first artist to sucessfully blend jazz elements with classical music. He created piano score rhaphsody in blue New york city broad way 1924. |
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1. Klangfarbenmelodie
2. Sprechstimme
3. Serialism
4. Tone Row
5. Total Serialism |
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1. Is the technique of asigning certain tone colors to certain notes in an effort to create indentifiable melodic patterns through timbre changes.
2. Is a dramatic form of vocal delivery that is half-spoken, half sung on specific, notated musical pitches.
3. Created by Schoenberg guaranteed absolute atonality
4. matrix formula organize each of 12 individual notes into a pattern.
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| Created a new system for musical orginizations during twentieth century serialism, 12 tone row. Expressionism his music became more dissonant. radical tone colors meant everything. He is jewish and converts to catholicism. ronSchoenberg, Albanberg, and Webern early works were post romantic related. |
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| started as post romantic composers then went into serialism |
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| Studied with Schoenbrg. He embraced concepts of atonality, serialism, and klangfarbenmelodie-assigned tone color to certain notes. He was meticulus in his writing Pointillistic. Accidently shot by a soldier due to son in law involved in black market. |
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| Also studied with Shoenberg. Arnold Schoenberg, Anton Webern, and Alban Berg considered 2nd vieanese school. His early works post romantic in nature. He died of a infected insect bite. |
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1950-Present Technical development enhance compositions
Music concrete the recording fo sounds made in nature or created by man, an then subsequently arranging the recorded elements into a sort of music collage. Electricism composers who are no longer using one clearly definable music style, but rather, are freely mixing elements from a wide array of styles and techniques. |
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| He said their is no such thing as total silence. He created the prepared piano techniques. He also created Aleatory, indeterminacy, a new musical language that made use of random chance elements. He created chance composistion 4,33 four minutes and thirty three seconds entirely made up of rests. American composer who was a student of Henry Cowell, Zen philosophy, and Arnold Schoenberg influences his early composistions. |
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| American Composere who writes composes for the unnusual insturments, "nonconvential insturments" such as toy piano harmonica, musical saw, banjo, and other percussion insturments for extended performance techniques. He wrote ancient voices for children for Jan DeGaetani to sing. |
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| French imigrated to America Whos works were post romantic in nature. He is interseted in rythm "non traditional sounds" Organirzed sound. He created Ionisation over 40 different percussion insturments. |
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He is an teacher, composer, and a succesful organist. He is the only composer to be a prisoner of war.
He used serial techiniques, complex rythmic ideas, experiments electronic music, music concrete. |
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| He was one of the early pioneers of total serialism Aleatoric music 12 tone builds on works of Aton Webern. He served as the principal conductor for the BBC Symphony Orchestrah from 1971-1975, and New York Philharmonic from 1971-1974. He founded the Institut de Recherche et de Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM) |
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| Explored serialism and total serialism, aleatoric music, free-form notation, use of quotations, and a wide array of electronic music techniques. |
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| Fully embraced the concept of total serialism. he was a mathematician as well as a composer wrote article who cares if you listen. |
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| Hungarian composer explored possibilities of traditional instruments and voice. Atmospheres and Lux Aeterna both were used in 2001 A Space Odyssey. |
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| American composer who early works used 12 tone system showed an interest compositions of Charles Ives, and Henry Cowell He created the Minimalism-highly tonal, repetitive music that shared many of the extended meditative qualities found in music of eastern cultures, and the Philip Glass Ensemble. |
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| A percussionist who created Pulse Music subtle rhythmic shifts within a vast sea of repetition. |
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| of the three minimalistic composers Glass Reich and him. He broke away from a purely minimalistic approach to composition. He created an opera based on the Jerry Springer talk show. Created Nixon in China |
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| First woman to win a Pulitzer prize Prize for music (symphony No.1) and first woman to have a doctorit in composition. |
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Unconventional rock and roll musician. Heavy doses of Jazz twentieth century.
made use of classical elements in his stage performances and also composed original classical compositions |
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1. Syncopation
2. Improvisation
3. Embellishment |
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1. gives jazz its unique rhythmic feel playing an accent on a normally weak beat or on a normally unaccented part of a beat.
2. is spontaneous composition
3. adding extra rhythms and/or notes to an existing musical texture. |
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| Most Jazz Groups use the basic format of 1. front-line instruments and some type of 2. rhythm section. |
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| 1. Include any of the solo-type instruments such as saxophone, trumpet, trombone. |
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1. Collective improvisation
2. Solo improvisation |
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1. where all members of the band improvised their musical or rhythmic lines at the same time.
2. which one player breaks away from the entire group improvisation but continues to be supported by some or all the rhythmic section. |
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| Musical traditions led to Jazz music, syncopation. |
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1. Ragtime
2. Traditional Jazz Dixieland |
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1.An early mixture of African, African-American, and European musical elements-no improvisation.
2. A later mixture of African, African American, and European Musical Elements-lots of improvisation |
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| founder of "king of ragtime" son of freed slaves classically trained pianist who created maple leaf rag master piece of ragtime |
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| Jazz Spanish French and American rule Cutting Contests- different professors try to outplay each other. |
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Each player in the band had a job to do.
Head- Main melody of the typical jazz tune at beginning. |
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1. Ensemble Choruses
2. Solo Choruses |
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1. where everyone extends their embellishments.
2. Where one player breaks away allowing for more freedom as soloists continue to be supported by some or all rhythmic section players. |
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| 1. Return to the melody of a jazz tune similar to the head but eh last chorus tends to be played more aggressively with larger deviations from original melody. |
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1. Solo Break
2.Stop-time-Chorus
3.trading fours |
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Definition
1. is where the band stops playing and one musician improvises
2. is a technique of accompaniment where the band plays just first beat of every measure (or two) while one soloist improvises.
3. where to or more musicians alternate four measure improvisations. |
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| Billboard topper tune hello dolly. He is the most important figure in the history of jazz. First singer to record scat singing nonsense syllables to imitate the sound of a horn with the human voice. |
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| Federal law banning sale and distribution of alcohol prohibition. Illegal night clubs that served alcohol called speakeasies. became popular 1980's-1990's |
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1. Swing techniques
2. Riff
3.Sweet Bands |
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1. Rhythms tend to sound more relaxed when compared to dixieland rhythms. Many of the bands were bigger, the art of orchestration
2. Is a short, repeated, rhythmic and/or melodic phrase.
3.Large dance bands playing syncopated dance music based on ragtime and traditional jazz styles. |
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| Jazz/Dixieland,trumpet player and singer composer Duke Ellington orchestra many of his men stayed win band through the entire swing era and beyond because he treated them with great respect. Billy Strayhorn |
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| The Best musicians who were in great demand changed bands g frequently looking for a better working situation. |
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| On January 16 the Benny Goodman Orchestra played the first jazz concert in New York's Carnegie Hall. |
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| Played relaxed swinging sound of his rhythmic section came to be known as walking bass. |
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| short for complimenting listen what going on around composer Baise and improvise accordingly sparse harmonic and/or melodic interjections over a steady rhythm. |
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younger swing players sped up tempos altered supporting chord structures frequently abandoned chord melodies
Arose in late night jam sessions clubs such as Minton's and Monroe's. |
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| Bebop newly created lines |
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| 32 bar format basic 12 bar blues most popular chord changes used. |
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| A tenor saxophonist "lady day" |
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| A tenor saxophonist who influenced bebop musicians by moving further away from the original melody with longer strings of notes |
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1. Dropping bombs
2. Bebop--modern jazz |
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Definition
1. playing unexpected accents on the bass drum randomly within a piece of music.
2. historians say bebop is the creation of modern jazz |
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| He got the name "yardbird" when the car he was riding in hit a chicken. |
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| Is defined as somewhat relaxed, more listenable offshoot of bebop. |
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| Miles Davis and other players in group began to experiment with selecting one set of notes or scale pattern that would work with all the chords given in a piece of music. |
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| His kind of blue the first public exploration of modal improvisation album became the worlds no.1 album. |
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| He is very closely associated with music from the west cost. Take five is entirely in 5/4 time. |
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| Album created by Miles Davis reached number 35 on the Billboard pop chart and sold over 400,00 copies in 1970 alone. |
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Expanded on both of bepop ideas
Funky jazz/soul jazz greater audience appeal. |
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| used the improvisation style sheets of sound. |
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| Is credited with the creation of Free Jazz- which abandoned much of the pre-planned structure that had been present in jazz |
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| Only the front line instruments get solos in traditional jazz. T/F |
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| Benny Goodmans Carnegie Hall concert was the first major jazz show ever performed in this historically classical hall. T/F |
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Definition
| true Benny Goodmans Carnegie Hall concert was the first major jazz show ever performed in this historically classical hall. |
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| Cool school jazz was performed exclusively on the West Coast while the East Coast heard only bebop. T/F |
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| False. it was performed on both coasts |
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| Free jazz is usually very well organized and is often prearranged. T/F |
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| Swing music became popular again during the 1980s and 90s. T/F |
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Definition
| true Swing music became popular again during the 1980s and 90s. |
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| mixture of jazz and any other musical style. Jazz and rock to bring new audiences to the world of jazz |
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| Today, fusion refers to a mixture of jazz and any other musical style. T/F |
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Definition
| true Today, fusion refers to a mixture of jazz and any other musical style. |
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| Bebop evolved in after-hours nightclubs including Mintonos and Monroeos in New York City. T/F |
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Definition
| true Bebop evolved in after-hours nightclubs including Mintonos and Monroeos in New York City. |
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Bebop tends to use faster tempos than swing.
T/F |
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Definition
True Bebop tends to use faster tempos than swing.
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| African slaves brought their musical instruments with them to America. T/F |
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Definition
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The rhythm section tends to start and end each piece by playing the melody.
T/F |
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When everyone in a group embellishes a written melody at the same time it is called
a. the head.
b. an out chorus.
c. a solo chorus.
d. a solo break.
e. an ensemble chorus.
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Which swing saxophonist influenced bebop musicians by moving further away from the original melody with longer strings of notes?
a. Cootie Williams
b. Harry Carney
c. Billy Strayhorn
d. Lester Young |
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What is the title of the first jazz album to use modal improvisation?
a. The Birth of the Cool
b. Milestones
c. Kind of Blue
d. Miles Ahead |
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Sheets of Sound describes the improvisation style of which musician?
a. Sonny Rollins
b. John Coltrane
c. Horace Silver
d. Clifford Brown
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Saxophone player Charlie Parker influenced bebop musicians by
a. his drug use.
b. his amazing technical abilities.
c. adding new chord changes in the middle of an improvisation.
d. all of the above.
e. none of the above. |
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What device gives jazz its unique rhythmic feel?
a. tonic
b. front line
c. solo improvisation
d. syncopation
e. rhythm section
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1. Louis Armstrong had a Billboard chart-topper in 1964 with the tune
2. For many musicians, the current jazz saxophone model is based on the playing style of
3. Comping is short for .
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Definition
1. Hello Dolly
2. John Coltrane
3. complimenting |
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Term
1. A is a short, repeated, rhythmic and/or melodic phrase.
2. by is the album viewed by most jazz historians, critics, and fans as the greatest jazz recording ever made |
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Definition
1. Riff
2. Kinnd of Blue by Miles Davis
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1. The Rite of Spring has become one of the most respected compositions of the twentieth century.
2. ProkofievÕs Alexander Nevsky was both a film score and a cantata.
3. The music of Charles Ives is very consonant and predictable.
T/F |
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Definition
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1. In the late 1940s, composers including Pierre Boulez and Milton Babbitt began to experiment with total serialism.
2. Schoenberg wrote Pierrot Lunaire in 1912.
3. Anton Webern moved to America before the start of World War II.
T/F |
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Definition
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1. Shostakovichs Symphony No. 7 (Leningrad) was composed as a direct reaction to HitlerÕs invasion of Russia.
2. Bart—k was a fine pianist as well as a gifted composer
T/F |
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Definition
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1. Perhaps more than any other composer in the 20th century, Milton Babbitt fully embraced the concept of total serialism.
2. Phillip Glasses early works were built around the 12-tone system of Arnold Schoenberg.
3. John Adams developed a new rhythmic technique called "pulse music."
T/F |
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Definition
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1. Steve Reich developed a new rhythmic technique called pulse music.
2. Composer Ellen Taaffe Zwillich was the first woman to win the Pulitzer prize for Music.
3. Recently, a new opera appeared on the classical music scene based on the Jerry Springer talk show.
T/F |
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1. Composer Olivier Messiaen was captured by the Nazis during World War II.
2. Composer John Cage drew inspiration from Henry Cowell.
3. Composer John Cage drew inspiration from Zen philosophy.
4. Composer Leonard Bernstein bridged the gap between classical music, the Broadway stage, and Hollywood film music. |
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Definition
1. true
2. true
3. true
4. true |
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Term
1. System of musical organization developed by Arnold Schoenberg to guarantee absolute atonality.
a. Klangfarbenmelodie
b. Sprechstimme
c. Serialism
d. Neo-Classicism
2. Composed Wozzeck, Lulu, and the Lyric Suite.
a. Arnold Schoenberg
b. Anton Webern
c. Alban Berg
d. none of the above
3. Hungarian composer who was a master of the arch form.
a. Igor Stravinsky
b. Bela Bartok
c. Dmitri Shostakovich
d. Alban Berg |
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Definition
1. c. serialism
2. c. Alban Burg
3. b. Bela bartok |
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1. Russian composer who spent the bulk of his compositional life battling between trying to be an artist who served the needs of the Soviet state and being true to his own artistic vision.
a. Igor Stravinsky
b. Bela Bartok
c. Dmitri Shostakovich
d. Alban Berg
2. Composed the Symphony in B-flat for Concert Band.
a. Igor Stravinsky
b. Aaron Copland
c. Anton Webern
d. Paul Hindemith
3. Written by Aaron Copland in 1964, is an interesting mixture of 12-tone techniques and the hymn Amazing Grace.
a. The Tender Land.
b. Fanfare for the Common Man
c. Emblems
d. Appalachian Spring
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Definition
1. c. Dmitri Shostakovich
2. d. Paul Hindemith
3. c. Emblems
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Term
Founder of the Ballets Russes Commissioned works from Igor Stravinsky.
a. Serge Diaghilev
b. Alan Rich
c. Rimsky-Korsakov
d. CŽsar Cui |
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Definition
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Term
1. John Cages groundbeaking composition that is made up entirely of rests.
a. The Perilous Night
b. Fontana Mix
c. 4'33'
d. Construction 1 in Metal
2. Singer whose extreme vocal techniques inspired composer George Crumb.
a. Marilyn Horne
b. Florence Foster Jenkins
c. Martha Rowe
d. Jan DeGaetani
3. New term beginning to take hold in the world of classical music that is used to refer to composers who are no longer using one clearly definable musical style.
a. Eclecticism
b. Expressionism
c. Noe-Classicism
d. Minimalism
e. none of the above
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Definition
1. c 4'33'
2. d. Jan DeGaetani
3. a. Eclecticism |
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Term
1. First pioneer of Musique concrete.
a. Igor Stravinsky
b. John Cage
c. Pierre Schaeffer
d. Luciano Berio
2. American, Post-Romantic composer of Adagio for Strings.
a. Luciano Berio
b. Samuel Barber
c. Leonard Bernstein
d. Benjamin Britten
3. Famous Minimalist opera by John Adams.
a. Einstein on the Beach
b. Nixon in China
c. Three Tales
d. Akhnaten |
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Definition
1. c. Pierre Schaeffer
2. b. Samuel Barber
3. b. Nixon in China |
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