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Music 101: Classical Terms
Study list for BYU'S Independent study class.
33
Music
Undergraduate 1
08/03/2010

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Term
Mozart
Definition
German Classical composer whose career was based in teaching and performing. He wrote many symphonies, including Symphony No. 40
Term
Haydn
Definition
Austrain Classical composer known as the Father of the Symphony. He was a court composer. He composed Symphony no. 95.
Term
Beethoven
Definition
German Classical composer who is known as being the "bridge" between Classical and Romantic music. One of his most famous symphonies is Symphony no. 5.
Term
Symphony
Definition
A large orchestral piece in several movements.
Term
String Quartet
Definition
A musical ensemble of four string players, or 2 violins, 1 viola and 1 cello. Can also refer to a piece of music written for this ensemble.
Term
Piano Concerto
Definition
A musical work that is written for one solo instrument accompanied by an orchestra. Typically has 3 movements.
Term
Sonata
Definition
A form used in a symphony as an opening or middle piece. Contains Exposition, Development, Recapitulation and Coda.
Term
Opera
Definition
Drama presented in music, with the characters singing instead of speaking
Term
Opera Buffa
Definition
Italian Comic Opera
Term
Sonata Form
Definition
-A form developed by the Classical composers and used in almost all of the first movements of their symphonies
Term
Minuet and Trio
Definition
Used in a symphony as a third movement. Based after a dance by the same name.
Term
Double Exposition Form
Definition
-A type of sonata form developed for use in concertos.
Term
Themes and Variations
Definition
The main subject and its deviations.
Term
Rondo
Definition
Used in a symphony as the final movement. Light and airy.
Term
Standard Movement Pattern
Definition
Order in which a certain piece of music is performed. 4 movements, fast, moderate, slow and fastest.
Term
Exposition
Definition
Exposed theme, or presentation of the theme
Term
Development
Definition
1. The second section of the sonata-form movement OR 2. The process of expanding or developing themes into a larger movement.
Term
Recapitulation
Definition
1. The third section in the sonata-form movement OR 2. A “recap” or review of the movement
Term
Transition (or Bridge)
Definition
-In sonata-form, the section that comes between the first theme and the second group and makes the modulation; also called transition.
Term
First theme groups
Definition
-In sonata-form, the tune in the tonic key that begins the exposition.
Term
Second theme groups
Definition
-In sonata-form, the group of themes that follow the bridge
Term
Slow Introductions
Definition
Used in a symphony to precede the first movement.
Term
Coda
Definition
A passage that brings a piece to a conclusion.
Term
Operatic Ensembles
Definition
A passage performed by all of the singers in an Opera.
Term
Cadenza
Definition
An improvised ornamental passage played by a soloist to show virtuosity.
Term
Scherzo
Definition
Fast moving passage in a symphony or string quartet that replaced the minuet and trio section.
Term
Standardized Instrumental Ensembles
Definition
Instead of the constantly changing ensembles, these were standardized.
Term
Graduated dynamics
Definition
A more specific use of volume in the classical period.
Term
Homophobic Textures
Definition
Classical music generally features a melody-with-accompaniment arrangement with background chords supported by a foreground melody.
Term
Works shaped by areas of stable and unstable harmonies
Definition
Term
Melodies with periodic phrase construction
Definition
Tunes arranged into short, often repeated sections.
Term
Multiplicity and contrast with movements
Definition
Use of many different melodies within a single movement or even section.
Term
Varied surface rhythms within movements
Definition
The music usually speeds up, slows down, speeds up again, etc. never keeping the same pace.
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