Shared Flashcard Set

Details

MUSI101 Severn Final
MUSI101 Severn Final
24
Music
Undergraduate 1
05/01/2011

Additional Music Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
When was the romantic period?
Definition
1820-1900
Term
What did romantic period music sound like?
Definition
Greater range in tone color, dynamics, and pitch, than classical period. Expanded harmony, complex chords.
Term
What did romantic composers want from their music?
Definition
Romantic composers wanted their music to have individual style. It is easier to tell who wrote what in romantic era than classical.
Term
What topics were heavily covered in the romantic period?
Definition
Romantic love was still the focus of songs and operas, but dark music drew some composers.
Term
What is nationalism?
Definition
Nationalism is music that has a national identity. It uses folk songs, dances, legends, and history of the land.
Term
What is Exoticism?
Definition
Intentionally implies foreign culture. Frequently employed in operas with foreign settings.
Term
What is program music?
Definition
Music associated with story, poem, idea, or scene.
Term
What is expressive tone color?
Definition
Composers tried to create unique sounds by blending instruments and adding new instruments. Never before had timbre been so important. Orchestration became regarded as an art form in the romantic era. Advances in instrument design allowed for various tone color.
Term
What were the sizes of orchestras in the romantic era vs the classical?
Definition
Classical: 20-60 members, Romantic: 100
Term
What happened to dynamics and pitch in the Romantic era?
Definition
They became more exaggerated. Dynamics went from pp and ff to pppp and ffff.
Term
What is Rubato?
Definition
Slight holding back or pressing forward of speed.
Term
What were the two different forms of the romantic era?
Definition
There was miniature and monumental. Some composers played for just a few minutes, and some played for hours (required hundreds of performers).
Term
Describe the finances of composers in the romantic era.
Definition
Few composers were financially successful. Most supported themselves through teaching or authoring. Composers and audience came from the same class. Piano became a fixture in most homes during the romantic era. Private music making increased also.
Term
What is an art song and when did they become popular?
Definition
They became popular in the romantic era. They were compositions for solo voice and piano. It was linked to a vast amount of poetry from this period.
Term
What is strophic form and through-composed form?
Definition
Strophic form repeats music for each verse. Through-composed form has new music for each verse.
Term
What is a song cycle?
Definition
A song cycle is a group of songs unified by some feature.
Term
Who is Franz Schubert?
Definition
Born in Vienna 1797-1828

Early Romantic composer
– When he was 18 years old, he wrote 143 songs
- Included two symphonies, an opera, and a mass
Not financially successful
– His symphonies were not performed until after his death

Wrote over 600 songs
– Also symphonies, string quartets, other chamber music,
sonatas, masses, operas, and piano works
- The Unfinished Symphony: only two movements, not four

Important Piece: Erlking
Term
Who is Robert Schumann?
Definition
Germany 1810-1856

Wanted to be piano virtuoso
Temperamentally unsuited for some of the musical positions he attempted
Married his piano teacher’s daughter
Committed to asylum, where he died

Important Pieces: Estrella
Term
Who is Clara Wieck Schumann?
Definition
Germany 1819-1896

A leading nineteenth-century pianist
Pair was friends with Johannes Brahms

Stopped composing at age 36
– Considered herself primarily a performer
– Wrote:
- Perhaps related to negative attitude toward women composers
- Possibly due to her close association with overwhelming
geniuses like Brahms and her husband
- Songs
- Piano pieces
- A piano concerto
- A trio for piano, violin, and cello

Important Piece: Liebst du um Schonbeit (if you love for beauty)
Term
Who is Frederic Chopin?
Definition
Polish (1810-1849)

Early to mid-romantic composer
Wrote almost exclusively for piano
Went to Paris at age 21
– Europe’s romantic period artistic capital
– Made extensive use of piano pedals
Composed mostly for chamber concert
– Avoided concert halls
Affair with Aurore Dudevant (a.k.a. George Sand)

Developed personal style at early age
– Not program music, but evokes an image
– Unique harmonic style influenced others
Most of his pieces are elegant miniatures

Important Piece: Nocturne (night piece)
Term
Franz Liszt
Definition
Hungarian Composer 1811-1866

virtuoso pianist, incredible performer, 'pop star'. wrote music foreshadowing 20th century

some called his music bombarding or vulgar. broke away from strict classical forms

Important Piece: Transcendental Etude no. 10 in F minor
Term
Felix Mendelssohn
Definition
German 1809-1847

Developed early. Responsible for the revival of Bach's music. Died of a stroke while touring. His music was more conservative. He avoided emotional extremes. Wrote in all forms other than opera.

Important Piece: Concerto for Violin and Orchestra in E Minor
Term
Hector Berlioz
Definition
French 1803-1869

Wrote unconventional music. It was passionate and unpredictable. Worked as a music critic. he was on of the first great conductors. His music was very imaginative. His music was not always understood.

important piece: Symphony Fantastique
Term
Antonin Dvořák
Definition
Czeck, 1841-1904


– As teenager, played in orchestra under Smetana
Became director of the National Conservatory of
Music in New York
Later returned to Prague Conservatory

Important Piece: Symphony no 9 in E minor
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