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Musculosketeal Disorders 1
Musculosketeal Disorders 1
49
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
04/13/2012

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Cards

Term
Hard tissue that makes up most of the skeletal system?
Definition
Bones
Term
Anchors muscle to bones?
Definition
Cartilage and Tendons
Term
Connects bones to bones?
Definition
Ligaments
Term
What ligaments allow stretching?
Definition
Yellow Ligaments
Term
What ligaments provide stability?
Definition
White Ligaments
Term
What does an (ESR) Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate test?
Definition
Measures inflammation, will be increases with rheumatoid and decreases with osteoarthritis.
Term
What does a (CRP) C-reactive protein determination test for?
Definition
Inflammation (more generalized)
Term
What does (RF) Rheumatoid Factor test for?
Definition
Measures antibodies that are present with rheumatoid arthritis.
Term
What does (ANA) Antinuclear antibody test?
Definition
Antibodies, will be decrease with lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
Term
What test is used to detect gout?
Definition
Creatinine and uric acid levels.
Term
Dye is injected into the knee and then
x-rayed?
Definition
Arthrography
Term
Dye is injected into the vertebrae and then x-rayed?
Definition
Diskography
Term
An external incision is made to visualize joint?
Definition
Arthroscopy

*signed consent
Term
Dye is injected into blood stream to look at blood flow.
Definition
Bone Scan
Term
Glucocorticoids help?
Definition
- inflammation
- change the immune system
Term
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) help?
Definition
- pain
- inflammation
Term
Biologic response modifiers (BRMs) help?
Definition
- inflammation by targeting the immune system with Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Term
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Inhibitors help?
Definition
Inflammation

* has less GI complications then NSAIDS
Term
Antigout Agents help?
Definition
decreases uric acid levels with gout
Term
Bone reabsorption inhibitors help?
Definition
Osteoarthritis
Term
Shock absorbing protection (cartilage) is lost causing pain and inflammation?
Definition
Osteoarthritis
Term
Osteoarthritis caused by age?
Definition
Primary Osteoarthritis
Term
Osteoarthritis caused by an outside source?
Definition
Secondary Osteoarthritis
Term
Risk factors for osteoarthritis?
Definition
- obesity
- poor posture
- occupational stress
Term
S/S of osteoarthritis?
Definition
- pain in affected joints
- stiffness, limitation of movement
- mild tenderness
- swelling
- Deformity or enlargement of joints
- warmth over joints
- pain increased with activity
- pain decreased with rest
- mild pain in the morning
Term
Diagnosis with osteoarthritis?
Definition
- arthroscopy and MRI
- synovial fluid aspiration
- health history and radiographic studies
Term
Treatment for osteoarthritis?
Definition
- weight reduction
- regular exercise
- heat application
- regular rest periods
- analgesics
- joint replacement (arthroplasty)
Term
What is most important with a hip replacement?
Definition
- proper alignment, use abduction pillow
Term
Chronic autoimmune disorder that is progressive and causes systemic inflammatory?
- common in females 30-60
- may lead to crippling
- may have periods of remission and exacerbation.
Definition
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Term
S/S of Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Definition
- pain in affected joints, aggravated by movements
- morning stiffness lasting more than 1 hour
- weakness
- easily fatigued
- anorexia
- weight loss
- muscle aches and tenderness
- symmetric joint changes
- warmth and swelling of joints
- Rheumatoid nodules
- inflammation in tissues of heart, lung, kidneys, and eyes
Term
What is the different between Osteoarthritis and RA when giving corticosteroids?
Definition
Osteo: give corticosteroids injection directly into the joint
RA: give oral form of corticosteroids (systemic)
Term
What do DMARD's do?
Definition
Slow progression of RA
Term
How do diagnosis RA?
Definition
MRI: show decreased cartilage between joints
Term
Nursing interventions for RA?
Definition
- rest and exercise (swimming is good)
- proper body alignment
- heat/ cold application
- physical therapy
Term
In 30's bone absorption rate begins to exceed bone formation results in reduction of total bone mass. Bones become porous, brittle, and fragile?
Definition
Osteoporosis
Term
Osteoporosis pts are at risk for?
Definition
fractures
Term
Risk factors for Osteoporosis?
Definition
- inadequate calcium or Vit D
- estrogen deficiency
- long term corticosteroid use
Term
S/S of Osteoporosis?
Definition
- back pain
- fractures
- loss of height
- Kyphosis: deterioration of vertebral
support
- poor fitting dentures
Term
Osteoporosis effects what in the body?
Definition
- spine
- vertebrae
- hips
Term
Diagnosis of Osteoporosis?
Definition
- DEXA Scan
- Bone Specimen: needle inserted into hip to collect bone
Term
What is a DEXA Scan?
Definition
Main test for Osteoporosis.
X-ray that measures bone mass in hips and spine.
1.0 or > = normal
-1.0 to -2.5 = decrease bone mass
-2.5 or < = osteoporosis
Term
Treatment for Osteoporosis?
Definition
- diet high in calcium and vit D
- calcium supplements
- estrogen replacement
- regular exercise
- Vertebroplasty: inject needle into affected vertebra with cement like substance and decompresses vertebrae
Term
This disorder is characterized by hyperuricemia, almost exclusive to men, can affect any joint in the body but big toe is most frequent, may have genetic/ environmental factors?
Definition
Gout
Term
What are the 4 stages of Gout?
Definition
1. Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia
2. Acute gouty arthritis: s/s with phase
3. Asymptomatic intercritical periods: remission phase
4. Chronic tophaceous goat: causes tophi (white hard nodules around joints)
Term
S/S of Gout?
Definition
- elevated uric acid level
- crushing, severe pain in joint, most often at night
- pain disappears
- Tophi develop
Term
Diagnosis for Gout?
Definition
- urine uric acid test: 24hr urine sample
- urate crystals in synovial fluid
Term
What medication gets rid of gout?
Definition
Allopruinol
Term
Treatment for gout?
Definition
Colchicine: decreases inflammation
Indomethacin: COX-2 inhibitor
Term
Nursing interventions for gout?
Definition
- avoid foods high in protein
- encourage fluids
- rest during attack and elevate extremity
- monitor for urinary stones
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