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Muscular Systems III & IV
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89
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/22/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Muscles acting on the SCAPULA:

Anterior Group

Definition

-Pectoris Minor

-Serratus Anterior

 

Both act to protract scapula. 

Term
Pectoralis Minor 
Definition

Attaches to the coracoid process of the scapula.

 

*Brings scapula forward.

Term

Serratus Anterior

*DR. DEAN'S FAVORITE MUSCLE

Definition

Attaches to the anterior aspect of the medial border of the scapula (long thoracic nerve).

-Gives ability to raise arms above head (rotate scapula).

*Humans and Apes are the ONLY creatures capable of using serratus anterior.

-

Term

Muscles Acting on The Scapula:

Posterior Group

Definition

-Trapezius

-Rhomboids

-Levator Scapulae

Term
Trapezius
Definition

Attaches to the spine of the scapula (accessory nerve).

 

-Elevates, depresses, and retracts scapula.

Term
Rhomboids
Definition

Attach to the medial border of the scapula.

 

-Also retracts and elevates but does NOT depress.

Term
Levator Scapulae
Definition
Attaches to the superior aspect of the medial border of the scapula and elevates it.
Term
Muscles acting on the Humerus:
Definition

-Pectoralis Major (anteriorly)

-Latissimus Dorsi (posteriorly)

-Deltoid

-Axillary Nerve

-Teres Major

-Biceps Brachii

-Coracobrachialis

-Musculotaneous Nerve

Term
Pectoralis Major
Definition
Front of Armpit
Term
Latissimus Dorsi
Definition

Bears primary role for attaching the upper limb to the trunk.

 

-Adducts and medially rotates the humerus.

Term
Deltoid
Definition
Wraps around the top of the shoulder and posterior aspects.  It is innervated by the AXILLARY nerve.  Raises upper limb to 90 degrees.
Term
Teres Major
Definition
Located on posterior side. (Back of armpit)
Term
Biceps Brachii
Definition

Superficial flexor of the elbow and the major supinator of the forearm.

 

2 superior heads both attach to the scapula.

-Long head attaches to supraglenoid tubercle.

-Short to the coracoid process.

Term
Coracobrachialis
Definition

Attaches to the coracoid process of the scapula.

Innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve (branch of the brachial plexus).

 

-Prime flexor of the shoulder

Term
Rotator Cuff Muscles
Definition

SITS

S-supraspinatus

I-infraspinatus

T-teres minor

S-subscapularis

Term
Most commonly damaged component of the rotator cuff:
Definition
The supraspinatus
Term
Only muscle on the anterior surface of the scapula:
Definition
The subscapularis
Term
What muscle is NOT a rotator cuff muscle?
Definition

Teres Major

 

Remember John McCain Example

Term
Muscles acting on the Forearm
Definition

PRIMARY MOVERS FOR FLEXION

-Biceps brachii

-Brachialis

Term
Primary movers for Extension
Definition

-Triceps Brachii (located on posterior side of the humerus).

-Has 3 heads.

-Innervated by the radial nerve 

Term
Biceps
Definition

-Major Supinator

(Refer to diagram, page 215)

Term
Pronator Teres & Pronator Quadratus
Definition
On anterior aspect of the forearm and are innervated by the median nerve of the brachial plexus.
Term

Muscles acting on the Wrist and Hand:

Anterior Compartment

Definition
Flexors of the wrist and fingers (Arise from medial epicondyle).
Term
Brachioradialis
Definition

Wraps around from the posterior side of the arm so it's innervated by the radial nerve.

 

MAJOR FLEXOR of the elbow

Term

Muscles Acting on the Wrist and Hand:

Anterior Compartment-Superficial Layer

Definition

-Flexor Carpi Radialis

-Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

-Palmaris Longus

-Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Term
Flexor Carpi Radialis:
Definition
Powerful wrist flexor that also pulls the hand away from the midline.
Term
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris:
Definition

Powerful wrist flexor that also pulls the hand toward the midline.

(Adduction)

Term
Palmaris Longus:
Definition
Weakly Flexes the wrist but tenses the palmar aponeurosis.
Term
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Definition

Muscle found beneath the flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, and palmaris longus.

 

Flexes the wrist, metacarpalphalangeal joints, and the proximal and interphalangeal joints of digits 2 through 5 (NOT the thumb).

Weak flexor of the elbow.

Term

Muscle Acting on the Wrist and Hand:

Anterior Compartment-Deep Layer

Definition

-Flexor Pollicis Longus

-Flexor Digitorum Profundus

 

Term
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Definition
Long flexor of the thumb.  Innervated by the median nerve.
Term
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Definition

Flexes the wrist, metacarpalphalangeal joints, and all interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5.

 

Innervated by both the medial and ulnar nerve,

Term

Muscles Acting on the Wrist Hand:

Posterior Compartment-Deep Layer

Definition

-Extensor Indicis

-Abductor Pollicis Longus

-Extensor Pollicis Longus

-Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Term
Extensor Indicis:
Definition
Muscle that extends the index finger.
Term
Abductor Pollicis Longus:
Definition
Abducts Thumb
Term
Extensor Pollicis Longus:
Definition
Extends Thumb
Term
Extensor Pollicis Brevis:
Definition
Extends Thumb
Term
Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand:
Definition

-Thenar

-Hypothenar

-Midpalmar

Term
Thenar
Definition
Muscles at the base of the thumb.
Term
Hypothenar
Definition
Muscles at the base of the little finger.
Term
Midpalmar
Definition
Muscles in between the thenar and hypothenar muscles.
Term
Thenar Muscles (in-depth)
Definition

-Abductor pollicis brevis

-Adductor pollicis

-Flexor pollicis brevis

-Opponens Pollicis

Term
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Definition
Abducts Thumb
Term
Adductor Pollicis
Definition

Adducts Thumb

(Not part of the thenar mid-palmar muscles)

 

Term
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
Definition
Flexes Thumb
Term
Opponens Pollicis
Definition
Opposes Thumb
Term
Hypothenar Muscles (in depth)
Definition

-Abductor Digiti Minimi

-Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

-Opponens Digiti Minimi

Term
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Definition
Abducts Digit V
Term
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Definition
Flexes Digit V
Term
Opponens Digiti Minimi
Definition
Opposes Digit V
Term
Mid-palmar Muscles
Definition

-Dorsal Interossei M.M.

-Palmar Interossei M.M.

-Lumbrical M.M.

Term
Dorsal Interossei M.M.
Definition
Abducts Fingers
Term
Palmar Interossei M.M.
Definition
Adduct Fingers
Term
Lumbrical M.M.
Definition
Flex metacarpalphalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints
Term
Carpal Tunnel
Definition
Median Nerve passes down into hand, crosses under flexor retinaculum (keeps the flexor muscle tendons from bowstringing across the wrist).
Term

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

(Pinched Median Nerve)

Definition
Compression of the median nerve in semi-narrow space results in pain and wasting of the thenar muscles.
Term

Muscles acting on the Hip and Femur:

Anterior

Definition

Originate on the hip bone.

-Iliacus

-Psoas Major

-Iliopsoas

-Femoral Nerve

-Lumbar Plexus

Term
Psoas Major
Definition

Lower portion of Vertebral Column.

(Inserts jointly on the Lesser Trochanter of the Femur)

Term
Lateral Muscles of the Hip
Definition
-Tensor Fascia Lata
Term
Tensor Fascia Lata
Definition

Embedded in a thick portion of the fascia lata of the thigh (iliotibial band).

Contracts to tighten the iliotibal band and assist in bracing the knee when you raise opposite foot while walking.

 

Term

Posterior Muscles of the Hip:

Gluteal Muscles

Definition

-Gluteus Maximus

-Gluteus Medius

-Gluteus Minimus

Term

Posterior Muscles of the Hip:

Lateral Rotators

Definition

-Piriformis (most superior)

-Superior Gemellus

-Obturator Internus

-Inferior Gemellus

-Quadratus Femoris

Term
Gluteus Maximus
Definition
Major hip extensor and is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve.
Term
Gluteus Minimus and Medius
Definition

Abduct and Medially rotate the femur and are both innervated by the superior gluteal nerve.

 

-Without these muscles, we would not be able to walk bipedally.

Term
Lateral Rotator Muscles (in depth)
Definition

Oppose medial rotation by the gluteus medius and minimus.

All innervated segmentally by the sacral plexus.

Term
Anterior Compartment of Thigh (in depth)
Definition

-Largest Compartment

-Extremely important to flex thighs & knees

Term
Posterior Compartment of the Thigh
Definition

Composed of Muscles that extend the hip and flex the knee.

 

All muscles are innervated by the sciatic nerve.

Term
Post. Comp. Muscles
Definition

-Semitendinosus

-Semimembranosus

-Biceps Femoris

Term
Media Compartment of Thigh
Definition

-Composed of Muscles that Adduct the thigh

 

Muscles all innervated by the obturator nerve.

Term
Medial Comp. Muscles
Definition

-Adductor Longus

-Adductor Brevis (under longus)

-Adductor Magnus (extends hip)

-Gracilis

-Pectineus

Term
Anterior Comp. Composition:
Definition

-Satorius

-Quadriceps Femoris (4 part muscle)

Rectus Femoris

Vastus Lateralis

Vastus Medialis

Vastus Intermedius

Term
Quadriceps Femoris
Definition

Share common tendon (quadriceps tendon)

-Patella embedded within

-Attaches to the tibial tuberosity as Patellar Ligament

Term
Anterior Compartment of Leg
Definition

Dorsiflex the Ankle (keeps toes from scraping ground as you walk).

 

-Tibialis Anterior

-Extensor Digitorum Longus

-Extensor Hallucis Longus (deep)

-Fibularis Tertius (short fibular muscle)

Term
Tibialis Anterior
Definition

Located next to shin

-What you feel!

Term
If you do not have DIGIT 1 (Big Toe):
Definition

You cannot walk bipedally.

It will cripple you

Term
Drop Foot
Definition

Deep Fibular Nerve Damage.

A.K.A. Dorsiflex Condition

Term

Posterior Compartment of the Leg:

Superficial Layer

Definition

Plantar Flexors:

-Gastrocnemius (also flexes knee)

-Soleus

-Plantaris

Term
What do the Gastrocnemius and the Soleus have in common?
Definition
The Calcaneal Tendon A.K.A. Achilles Tendon that anchors the 2 muscles to the Calcaneus Tarsal Bone.
Term
True or False: All nerves in the leg are NOT derivatives of the sciatic nerve?
Definition
False
Term

Post. Comp. of the Leg:

Deep Layer

Definition

Plantar Flexors (invert the foot)

-Flexor Digitorum Longus

-Flexor Hallucis Longus

-Tibialis Posterior

Term
Lateral (Fibular) Compartment of the Leg
Definition

Plantar Flex (evert the foot)

-Fibularis Longus

-Fibularis Brevis

 

Both are innervated by the superficial fibular nerve

Term
Plantar surface- layer 1
Definition

-Flexor Digitorum Brevis

-Abductor Digiti Minimi

-Abductor Hallucis

 

Either flex or abduct the digit within their name

Term
Plantar surface- Layer 2
Definition

-Quadratus Plantae

-Lumbricals (4)

Term
Quadratus Plantae
Definition
Flexes the toes
Term
Lumbricals
Definition
Flex the metatarsophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints.
Term
Plantar surface- Layer 3
Definition

-Adductor Hallucis

-Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

-Flexor Hallucis Brevis

Term
Adductor Hallucis
Definition
Has 2 separate bellies and resembles the number "7".
Term
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
Definition
Has 2 separate bellies
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