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Muscular System
M6 Phase 1
75
Medical
Undergraduate 1
05/31/2013

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Cards

Term
Actin
Definition
Protein contained in thin myofilaments
Term
All or None
Definition
Full contracion or not at all
Term
Antagonist
Definition
Counteract the prime mover
Term
Aponeuroses
Definition
Broad fiber sheetlike tying muscle together
Term
Atrophy
Definition
Wasting away of muscle tissue
Term
Bursa
Definition
Cushions between joints
Term
Hypertrophy
Definition
Development of muscle
Term
Isometric
Definition
Contractioncs that do not produce movement
Term
Isotonic
Definition
Contaction of a muscle that produces movement at a joint because the muscle changes length; shortening of the muscle group
Term
Prime Mover
Definition
Main muscle that performs movement
Term
Sarcomere
Definition
Basic functional contractile unit, separated from one another by dark bands called Z lines
Term
Synergists
Definition
Aid prime mover
Term
Tenosynovitis
Definition
Inflammation of synovial tubes
Term
Types of Muscle Issues
Definition
Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth
Term
Skeletal Muscle
Definition
Striated or voluntary muscle, crosswise stripes or striations
Term
Cardiac Muscle
Definition
Buik of heart, branch frequently, unique dark bands called intercalated disks
Term
Nonstriated Muscle/Involuntary Muscle
Definition
Lacks cross stripes or striations, found in walls of hollow visceral structures such as GI tract, blood vessels, and ureters
Term
Function of Muscles
Definition
To contract
Term
Composition of Muscle
Definition
Mainly striated muscle fibers and connective tissue
Term
Origin
Definition
Attachment to the bone that remains relatively stationary
Term
Insertion
Definition
Point of attachment to the bone that moves when a muscle contracts
Term
Body
Definition
Main part of the muscle
Term
Tendons
Definition
Attach bone to muscle, strong cords of fibrous connective tissue; some tendons enclosed in synovial lined tubes and are lubricated with synovial fluid
Term
Tendon Sheaths
Definition
Tendons enclosed in synovial lined fluid
Term
Bursae
Definition
Small synovial lined sacs containing a small amount of synovial fluid; located between some tendons and underlying bones
Term
Fibers
Definition
Contractile cells grouped into bundles
Term
Myofilaments
Definition
Contain protein called myosin
Term
Thin Myofilaments
Definition
Contain a contractile protein called actin
Term
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
The endoplasmic reticulum of the muscle
Term
Sarcoplasm
Definition
The cytoplasm of muscle cells
Term
Osteoclast - Bone Resorbing
Definition
Erode the bone to retreive calcium
Term
Contraction requires?
Definition
Calcium and ATP
Term
Myofibrils
Definition
Increase in size with hypertrophy
Term
Sarcolemma
Definition
Encasement around cell; cell membrane of muscle cell
Term
Transverse Tubules
Definition
Gates that allow calcium to enter cell
Term
Sequence of Muscle Contraction
Definition
Nerve impulse signal, Calcium release from SR, Calcium bonds with thin myofilament, Myosin heads bind with actin, Power stroke (ADP and P dissociate from myosin, ATP binds myosin head, filament returns to relaxed state.
Term
Posture
Definition
Specialized type of muscle contraction
Term
Tonic contraction
Definition
Enables us to maintain body position, only a few muscle's fibers shorten at one time, produce no movement of body parts
Term
Kyphosis
Definition
Lumbar, sway back
Term
Lordosis
Definition
Hump back
Term
Lactic Acid
Definition
Contributed to absence of inadequate oxygen
Term
Oxygen Debt
Definition
Metabolic effort required to burn excess lactic acid that may accumulate during prolonged periods of exercise; the body is attempting to return the cell's energy and oxygen reserves to pre-exercise levels
Term
Motor Neuron
Definition
Nerve that transmits an impulse to a muscle, causing contraction
Term
Neuromuscular Junction
Definition
Specialized point of contact between a nerve endin and the muscle it innervates
Term
Motor Unit
Definition
Combination of a motor neuron with the muscle fiber or fibers it innervates
Term
Threshold Stimulus
Definition
Minimal level of stimulation required to cause a muscle fiber to contract, different muscle fibers have different thresholds
Term
Twitch
Definition
Contractions are a single contraction caused by a single threshold stimulus
Term
Tetanic Contraction
Definition
Sustained and steady muscular contractions caused by a series of stimuli bombarding a muscle in rapid succession
Term
Concentric Contractions
Definition
Muscle shortens insertion end
Term
Eccentric Contractions
Definition
Muscle lengthens under tension, movement of insertion away from the origin
Term
Muscles of the face
Definition
Orbicularis Oculi, Orbicularis oris, zygomaticus
Term
Muscles of mastication
Definition
Masseter, temporal
Term
Sternocleidomastoid
Definition
flexes head
Term
Trapezius
Definition
Elevates shoulders and extends head
Term
Pectoralis Major
Definition
Flexes upper arm
Term
Latissimus Dorsi
Definition
Extends upper arm
Term
Deltoid
Definition
Abducts upper arm
Term
Biceps Brachii
Definition
Flexes forearm
Term
Triceps Brachii
Definition
Extends forearm
Term
Abdominal Muscles
Definition
Rectus abdominis, external obliques, internal obliques, transversus abdominus
Term
Respiratory Muscles
Definition
Intercostal muscles, diaphragm
Term
Iliopoas
Definition
Flexes thigh
Term
Gluteus Maximus
Definition
Extends thigh
Term
Adductor Muscles
Definition
Adduct thighs
Term
Hamstring Muscles
Definition
Flex lower leg; semimembanosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris
Term
Quadriceps
Definition
Extend lower leg; rectus femoris, vastus mucles
Term
Tibialis Anterior
Definition
Dorsiflexes foot
Term
Gastrocnemius
Definition
Plantar flexes foot
Term
Peroneus Group
Definition
Flex foot
Term
Flexion
Definition
Movement that decreases angle between two bones
Term
Extension
Definition
Movement that increases angle between two bones
Term
Supination
Definition
Hands up
Term
Pronation
Definition
Hands down
Term
Inversion
Definition
Toes up
Term
Eversion
Definition
Toes down
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