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Muscular system
N/A
22
Physiology
11th Grade
03/18/2010

Additional Physiology Flashcards

 


 

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Term

Interactions of Skeletal Muscles

in the Body

Definition

     *Since muscles only contract, they can only pull, but not push.

     *Therefore, every muscle action has another muscle that reverses that action.

     *Because of all this, muscles therefore must work in groups 

Term
Prime Mover
Definition

The muscle that has the major responsibility for causing a particular movement.

Term
Antagonist
Definition

The muscle that reverses the movement of the prime mover.

     EX:Flexion-Biceps- Contracted=Prime mover            Triceps- Relaxed= Antagonist

 

     EX:Triceps- Contracted= Prime mover

  Biceps- Relaxed= Antagonist

 

Term
Synergist
Definition

Helps the prime mover, by reducing undesirable movements. The synergists usually are muscles that cross 2 or more joints.

EX:Finger- Flexor muscles also cross the wrist, but you can still flex your fingers without flexing your wrist, due to synergists keeping your wrist stable

Term
Fixators
Definition

Hold the bones still. Stabilize the origin of the prime mover, putting all the tension to move the bone.

EX: Postural muscles of vertebral column.

EX: Muscles that stabilize the scapula.

Term
Frontalis
Definition

Muscle found on frontal bone.

 Origin= Cranial aponeurosis

Insertion= In the eyebrows

 

    Function: Allows you to raise your eyebrows and wrinkle your forehead.

Term
Occipitalis
Definition
 Origin= Cranial aponeurosis
 Insertion= Occipital bone

    Function: Pulls back your scalp 
Term
Orbicularis Oculi
Definition

Circular muscles that surround your eyes.

 

Function: Blink, close eyes, wink, squint

Term
Orbiculris Oris
Definition

Round muscle around the mouth.

 

Function: Close mouth, called "kissing muscle."

Term
Buccinator
Definition

Goes horizontally across your cheek.

 Origin= Mandible

 Insertion= Orbicularis oris

 

Function: Flattens cheeks

Term
Zygomaticus
Definition

Diagonal muscle.

 Origin= Cheekbone (zygomatic bone)

 Insertion= Orbicularis oris

 

Function: Smiling muscle

Term
Masseter
Definition

Runs down cheek.

 Origin= Zygomatic process

 Insertion= Mandible

 

Function: Closes mouth

Term

Temporalis

Definition

Goes from skull and inserts into mandible.

 

Function: Synergist for masseter.

    *Found on temporal bone

Term
Platysma
Definition

Flat sheet-like muscle that covers the front of the neck and sides of the mouth.

 Origin= Connective tissue of chest muscles.

 Insertion= Synergist for masseter.

 

Function: Pulls corners of mouth downward.

   

Term
Sternocleidomastiod
Definition

1 on each side of neck- a 2 headed muscle.

 Origin= Sternum and clavicle

 Insertion= Matoid process of skull.

 

Function: Flex your neck= Praying muscles.

Term

Pectoralis Major

Definition

Upper part of chest, convergent muscle originates at sternum and inserts on proximal end of humerus.

 

Action: Adducts the arms.

Term
Intercostal Muscles
Definition

In between ribs- Most deep muscle of abdominal wall.

2 sections:

1. External Intercostal Muscles (lateral)- Helps you breath in, by raising the ribcage.

2. Internal Intercostal Muscles (Medial)- Helps you breathe out by depressing the ribcage.

Term

Muscles of the

Abdominal Girth 

Definition

   *Purpose- Protect internal organs and bones.

   *Reinforce and stabilize your trunk.

     

Term
Rectus Abdominis
Definition

Paired, strap-like, fibers are vertical.

 Origin= Pubis

 Insertion= Ribcage

 

*Action- Flexes your vertebral column. Also main muscles used by women in childbirth, and by all in excretion.

Term
External Obliques
Definition

  *Fibers (diagonal) run downward from lateral to medial.

 Origin= Ribs

 Insertion= Ilium

 

*Action- Helps to flex vertebral column and also rotates the abdomen laterally, and to bend laterally.

Term
Internal Obliques
Definition

Fibers run diagonally, paired, go upwards from lateral to medial- are perpendicular to extend obliques.

 Origin= Iliac Crest

 Insertion= Last as 2 ribs

 

*Action- Same as external obliques.


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