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Details Title: Muscular system Description: general muscle knowledge Total Flash Cards: 48 Created: 11/06/2005 19:45:27	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term origin Definition attachment to the immovable bone Term insertion Definition attach to movable bone Term prime movers Definition provide major force for producing a specific movement Term antagonist Definition oppose or reverse a particular movement Term synergist Definition add force to movement; reduce undesirable or unnessecary movement Term fuxator Definition synergists that immobilize a bone or muscle's origin Term functional muscle classifications Definition fuxator, synergists, antagonist, prime mover Term naming skeltal muscles Definition location, shape, size, direction, number of origins, location of attachments, action Term epicranius Definition occipitofrontalis- bipartite muscle consisting of frontalis, occipitalis, galea aponeurotica Term galea aponeurotica Definition cranial aponeurosis connecting above muscles Term sternocleidomastiod Definition prime mover of the head; origin-sternum and clavicle; insertion-mastoid process Term diaphram Definition prime mover of inspiration; flattens on contraction Term external intercostals Definition more superficial layer that lifts rib cage; allows inspiration Term internal intercostals Definition deeper layer that aids in forced expiration Term latissimus dorsi Definition prime mover of arm extension; origin-lumbar vertabrae and iliac crest; insertion-intertubercular groove of humerus Term rotator cuff muscles Definition supraspiatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapulaus; reinforce capsule of shoulder; act ad synergists and fixators Term deltoid Definition prime mover of arm abduction Term pectoralis major Definition prime mover of arm flexion; origin-clavicle and sternum; insertion-intertublercular groove of the humerus Term biceps brachii and brachialis Definition prime movers of forearm flexion; origin-coronoid process and glenoid cavity; insertion-radial tuberosity Term brachioradialis Definition acts as synergist; helps stabilize elbow Term triceps brachii Definition prime mover of forearm extension Term pronator teres Definition pronates the forearm Term supinator Definition supinates the forarm Term tibialis anterior Definition dorsiflexion of the foot Term gastrocnemius Definition plantar flexion of the footh Term gastrocnemius Definition plantar flexion of the foot; origin-condycles of femor; insertion-calcaneous Term three types of muscle tissue Definition smooth, cardiac, skeletal; differ in structure location and means of activation Term prefixes Definition myo, mys, and sarco; all refer to muscle Term smooth muscle tissue Definition walls of hollow organs, not striated, maintain blood pressure and propels substaances through organs Term cardiac muscle tissue Definition contracts at steady rate set by hearts pacemaker; striated and involuntary; responsible for coursing blood through body Term skeletal muscle tissue Definition striated and voluntary; contracts rapidly and tires easily; responsible for all locomotion; maintain posture; stabilize joints; generate heat Term organizational layers of skeletal muscles Definition epimysium; muscle; perimysium; fasicle; endomysium; fiber(cell); myofibril; myofiliment Term muscles served by Definition one nerve, artery and vein Term indirect muscle attachment Definition connective tissue wrappings extend beyond the muscle as a tendon or aponeurosis Term direct muscle attachment Definition epimysium is fused to the perimysium of the bone Term sarcomeres Definition smallest contractile unit of a muscle; region of a myofibril between 2 successive z discs; made up of myofiliments Term actin filament Definition extend across i band and partway into a band; contains the active sites to which myosin heads attach during contraction; tropomyosin and troponin Term z discs Definition anchors the thin filaments Term myosin Definition extend the entire length of an a band; thick filaments; rodlike tail; two globular heads form cross bridge Term h zone Definition thin filaments do not overlap thick filaments Term sarcoplasmic reticulum Definition elaborate endoplasmic reticulm; sorrounds each myofibril; paired terminale cisternae form perpendicular channels; functions in the regulation on intercellular calcium levels Term t tubules Definition continuous with the sarcolemma; conduct impulses to the deepest regions of the muscle; signals for the Ca2+ release from adjacent terminal cisternae Term triad Definition t tubules plus paired terminal cisternae Term contraction Definition actin filaments slide past myosin filaments; filaments overlap to a greater degree Term in order to contract a skeltal muscle must Definition be stimulated by a nerve ending; propagate an electrical current (action potential) along its sarcolemma; have a rise in intercellular Ca2+ levels Term Nerve stimulus of skeltal muscle Definition stimulated by motor neurons; axon forms neuromuscular junction; neuromuscular junction formed from axon terminal (ach)and sarcolemma (contains ach receptors) and synaptic cleft (small space between axon termial and sarcolemma) Term propagation of an action potential along the sarcolemma Definition when nerve impulse reaches the end of axon- ach is released in synaptic cleft, ach binds the sarcolemma to initiate action potential in the muscle Term action potential in the muscle Definition propagated along the sarcolemma; travels down t tubules; triggers Ca2+ release from terminal cisternae