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Muscle part of Phys lecture
Wacker 2/4/11 postponed lecture
51
Physiology
Undergraduate 4
02/06/2011

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Term
motor neuron and all the fibers it innervates
Definition
what is a motor unit
Term
motor end plate
Definition
specialized part of neuron that synapses with muscel fibers
Term
ventral
Definition
what root do motor things(efferent) come out?
Term
basal lamina
Definition
helps connect neuron to muscle fiber
Term
postjunctional folds
Definition
on muscle fibers to increase SA
Term
end plate potential
Definition
stimulation of Ach (nicotinic) receptors leads to change in membrane potential or ___ ___ ____
Term
almost always, because Ach is released in large quantities and doesn't need as much (as say Glu) to change the membrane potential significantly
Definition
when Ach is released to stimulate a muscle, is there an action potential?
Term
the action potential travels via sodium channels, but also opens voltage gated calcium channels (->DHPR)
Definition
when action potentials spread down the sarcolemma (and T-tubule) what channels are opening?
Term
release Ca from SR

L-type Ca++ channels(DHP receptor=DHPR) interact with ryanodine receptors(ca+ release channel) and open the Ca+ release channel(ryanodine channel opens)

...then Ca leaks out and activates troponin C so muscles contract
Definition
what do DHPR's do, how do they work?
Term
clusters of 4
Definition
how are ryanodine receptors typically arranged?
Term
SERCA pumps Ca++ back into the SR
or a Ca-ATPase pumps Ca++ against its gradient
Definition
once calcium is relased from the SR, how does it get back into the SR or outta the cell?
Term
calcium induced calcium release, basically calcium leakin out can cause more Ca to leak out
Definition
what is CalCR?
Term
Z, I, A, H, M, H, A, I, Z (A spans the H band)
Definition
order the bands from z line to Zline
Term
overlapping thick and thin filaments, H and M bands (it spans the length of the thick filaments)
Definition
what is in the A band?
Term
just actin
Definition
what is in the I band?
Term
m band and myosin(thick)
Definition
what is in the h band?
Term
actin attachment site
Definition
what is the Z band
Term
HI shorten, A stays the same length
Definition
what bands shorten, and which ones don'e
Term
Titin
Definition
one of the largest known proteins, holds sarcomere together
Term
light chain
Definition
myosin part that regulates ATPase activity
Term
heavy chain
Definition
myosin part that is the binding site to hydrolyze ATP
Term
calcium
Definition
Tn-C binds what
Term
tropomyosin
Definition
Tn-T binds what?
Term
actin
Definition
Tn-I binds what?
Term
Tn-I, Tn-C, Tn-T
Definition
what is the troponin complex made of?
Term
string = tropomyosin, beads = actin, chunky block thing = troponin
Definition
what are the parts of beads on a string actin filaments?
Term
the f-actin ball things
Definition
where is the myosin binding site on actin filaments?
Term
calcium
Definition
what binds to troponin-c?
Term
no new ATP is introduced to muscles, so there is no way to dissociate the myosin heads
Definition
what causes rigor mortis?
Term
Ca binds to TnC, moving TnI and TnT out of the way of the actin
Definition
when calcium binds to ____, ___ and ___ move oover so myosin head can bind
Term
phosphate from the hydrolyzed ATP is lost and the actin filament moves
Definition
describe the power stroke
Term
ATP (cross bridges and ion pumps), phosphocreatine, creatine kinase, glycogen/glucose
Definition
energy sources form muscles?
Term
anaerobic meatbolism (fast twitch)
Definition
glycolytic metabolism
Term
aerobic metabolism (O for SLOW twitch, have to go through krebs)
Definition
oxidative metabolism
Term
re-uptake of calcium (with SERCA the ATPase on the membrane)
Definition
what terminates contraction?
Term
Ca moves the troponin complex so Myosin can interact with actin

ATP helps release the myosin so it can crawl to the next spot and bind(cocked) then shoot off a Pi
Definition
how are Ca and ATP used in contraction?
Term
increases as more and more myosin/actin interact, but only until the actin filaments begin to overlap (then there are less places for myosin and actin to interact because actin filaments are overlapping)
Definition
to what point is the sarcomere shortening favorable to tension?
Term
bigger load takes longer for muscle to contract (picking up a TV is slower than picking up a pencil)
Definition
relationship between load and velocity of contraction
Term
1) fiber summation (more motor units/fibers)
2) frequency summation of ind. fibers
Definition
2 ways to increase force of contraction
Term
fused-no time to re-uptake calcium, so fused tetanus, has to do with short refractory period and long twitch duration
Definition
what is stronger, individual twitches or overall contraction (fused)
Term
fast twitch fibers
Definition
fast glycolytic are type IIb aka
Term
intermediate
Definition
fast oxidative (type IIa) are ____ fibers
Term
harder to fatigue, but low force contractions
Definition
how easily do type 1 fibers fatigue, how strong are its contractions?
Term
tetanus
Definition
if Ach hangs around in the terminal too long, what happens?
Term
tetrodotoxin-inhibits action potential->numbness/paralysis (messes with muscle and neuronal sodium channels)
Definition
sodium channel blocker(what does this do to AP?)
Term
conotoxin
Definition
calcium channel inhibitor
Term
Ach release (botox causes paralysis->vesicles cannot bind to membrane, tetanus toxin causes contraction)
Definition
what do tetanus toxin and botox act on?
Term
physostigmine (reversed with atropine by mr. cage)
Definition
reversible Ach inhibitor
Term
acetylcholine and nicotine
Definition
AChR channel agonists
Term
nerve gas
Definition
blocks Achesterase leading to bugs dying of tetanus (diaphragm locks up in people)
Term
Succinyl choline-> gives muscles twitch, depolarizes cells due to chronic stimulation and inactivates Na+ channels
Definition
irreversible Ach inhibitor?
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