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MSOE US History Test 2
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49
History
Undergraduate 4
01/21/2013

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Term
Pontiac
Definition
Ottawa chief and former French ally who organized the Covenant Chain; he mounted an unsuccessful siege of Fort Detroit in 1763.
Term
Proclamation Line of 1763
Definition
British policy that banne white settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains; it was intended to reduce conflict between Indians and settlers, but it angered settlers.
Term
Virtual representation
Definition
Parliamentary representation that stems from people’s status as citizens, regardless of whether they have directly elected delegates to look out ofr their specific interests.
Term
Sons of Liberty
Definition
A secret organization formed in Boston to oppose the Stamp Act; its leaders included Samuel Adams Massachusetts revolutionary leader and propagandist who organized opposition to the Stamp Act and took part in the Boston Tea Party - and Paul Revere
Term
Declaratory Act
Definition
British law (1776) that asserted Parliament’s righ to make laws for and impose taxes on the American colonies.
Term
Townshend Acts
Definition
British laws (1767) that required the colonials to pay duties on manufactured goods-such as glass, lead, and tea-imported from britain.
Term
Tea Act
Definition
British law (1773) that lowered the price of British tea but kept the tax o tea sold to America.
Term
Boston Tea Party
Definition
Protest against the tea act staged by boston patriots in 1773; they boarded ships carrying british tea and dumped the tea into boston harbor.
Term
Committees of Correspondence
Definition
groups formed throughout the colonies in 1772 to quickly circulate news of british oppression
Term
Minutemen
Definition
nickname first given to the concord militia and then applied generally to colonial militia at the time of the revolution.
Term
Battle of Bunker Hill
Definition
British assault on American troops on Breed’s Hill near Boston in June 1775; the British won the battle but suffered heavy losses.
Term
Declaration of Independence
Definition
document adopted by the second continental congress in 1776 that listed the rights of man, described the abuses of George III, and declared the American colonies independent of Britain.
Term
Patriots
Definition
An American colonist who opposed the british rule and fought for independence.
Term
Loyalists
Definition
An American colonist who supported the British side during the Revolution.
Term
Yorktown
Definition
Port town in Virginia on the York River near Chesapeake Bay; its location on a peninsula allowed American and French forces to trap the British in their encampment there.
Term
Marquis de Lafayette
Definition
French aristocrat who served on Washington’s staff during the Revolution.
Term
Articles of Confederation
Definition
The first constitution of the United States; it created a central government with limited powers and was replaced by the Constitution in 1788,
Term
Shay's Rebellion
Definition
Uprising by farmers in western Massachusetts who wanted to protest the indifference of the state legislature to the plight of farmers; the rebellion was suppressed by the state militia in 1787.
Term
James Madison
Definition
Virginia planter and political theorist who supported ratification of the Constitution; he later became the fourth president.
Term
Three-Fifths Compromise
Definition
An agreement to count three-fifths of a state’s slaves to determine a state’s representation in the House of Representatives.
Term
Federalists
Definition
Political group led by Alexander Hamilton that formed during Washington’s first administration; they favored commercial growth and a strong central government (alternate: Supporters of ratification of the Constitution; they believed in a strong central government.)
Term
Federalist Papers
Definition
Essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay in defense of the Constitution; they helped establish the basic principles of American government.
Term
Anti-Federalists
Definition
Opponents of ratification of the Constitution; they feared that a strong central government would be an instrument of tyranny.
Term
Bill of Rights
Definition
The first ten amendments to teh US Constitution, added in 1791 to protect certain basic rights of American citizens.
Term
Battle of Fallen Timbers
Definition
Battle in August 1794 in which Kentucky riflemen defeated Indians of several tribes, hastening the end of Indian resistance in the Northwest.
Term
Treaty of Greenville
Definition
Treaty of 1795 under which Northwest Indians were paid about $10,000 to cede land that later became the state of Ohio.
Term
Whiskey Rebellion
Definition
An uprising by grain farmers in western Pennsylvania in 1794 over a federal tax on whiskey; Washington led militias from nearby states to quell the rebellion.
Term
XYZ Affair
Definition
A diplomatic incident in which American envoys to France were told that the United States would have to loan France money and bribe government officials as a condition for negotiation.
Term
Alien Act
Definition
Law passed by Congress in 1798 authorizing the president to order out of the United States any alien regarded as dangerous to the public peace or safety.
Term
Sedition Act
Definition
Law passed by Congress in 1798 outlawing any criticism of the US government that might bring the government into disrepute; the law was enforced mainly against Republicans.
Term
John Marshall
Definition
Virginia lawyer and polotician made chief justice of the Supreme Court by President Adams; his legal decisions helped shape the role of the Court in American government.
Term
Marbury v. Madison
Definition
Supreme Court decision (1803) declaring part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional and thus establishing the principle of judicial review.
Term
Judicial Review
Definition
The power of the Supreme Court to review the constitutionality of laws passed by Congress and the states.
Term
Albert Gallatin
Definition
Treasury secretary in Jeffersons administration; he favored limited government and reduced the federal debt by cutting spending.
Term
Louisiana Purchase
Definition
The US purchase of Louisiana from France for $15 million in 1803; the Louisiana Territory extended from the Mississippi river to the Rocky Mountains.
Term
Essex Junto
Definition
Group of Federalists in Essex County, Massachusetts, who called for New England and New York to secede from the Union during Jefferson’s second term.
Term
Tecumseh
Definition
Shawnee leader and brother of the Prophet; he tried to establish an Indian confederacy along the frontier as a barrier to white expansion.
Term
The Prophet
Definition
Shawnee religious visionary who called for a return to Indian traditions and founded the community of Prophetstown on Tippecanoe Creek in Indiana.
Term
Battle of Tippecanoe
Definition
Battle near Prophetstown in Indiana territory in 1811; American forces led by William Henry Harrison defeated Shawnee followers of the Prophet.
Term
War Hawks
Definition
Members of Congress from the West and South who campaigned for war with Britain in the hopes of stimulating the economy and annexing new territory.
Term
Treaty of Ghent
Definition
Treaty ending the War of 1812, signed in Belgium in 1814; it restored peace but was silent on the issues over which the United States and Britain had clashed.
Term
Oliver Hazard Perry
Definition
American naval officer who led the fleet that defeated the British in teh Battle of Put-in-Bay during the War of 1812.
Term
Battle of New Orleans
Definition
Battle in the War of 1812 in which American troops commanded by Andrew Jackson repulsed the British attempt to seize New Orleans.
Term
Cumberland Road
Definition
A national highway built with federal fuds; it eventually stretched from Cumberland, Maryland, to Vandalia, Illinois, and beyond.
Term
Erie Canal
Definition
A 350-mile canal stretching from Buffalo to Albany; it revolutionized the shipping in New York.
Term
Eli Whitney
Definition
American inventor and manufacturer; his cotton gin revolutionized the cotton industry.
Term
Tariff of Abominations
Definition
Tariff passed by Congress in 1828 that outraged the southern states by placing high duties on raw materials.
Term
Nullification
Definition
Refusal of a state to recognize or enforce a federal law within its boundaries.
Term
Nicholas Biddle
Definition
President of the Second Bank of the United States; he struggled to keep the bank functioning when President Jackson tried to undermine its powers.
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