Shared Flashcard Set

Details

MRIS-123
Health Information Systems
214
Health Care
Undergraduate 4
04/26/2012

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What do modern management systems consist of?
Definition
Systems thinking, authority sharing, and teamwork.
Term
What does modern management focus on first?
Definition
Needs of the customer.
Term
Policy
Definition
A written description of the organization's position on a topic : "What we do"
Term
Procedure
Definition
How the organization incorporates the policies in a process to fulfill the policies.
Term
3 levels of management
Definition
Supervisory
Middle
Executive
Term
What is the highest level of management?
Definition
Executive
Term
What does supervisory management do?
Definition
Supervise small work groups
Direct daily work
Monitor quality and productivity
Assists in policy/procedure revision.
Answers to middle management
Term
What does middle management do?
Definition
Develop, implement, and revise policies and procedures under direction of executive managers.
Execute organizational plans
provide operational information needed for planning.
Term
2 divisions of executive management level
Definition
Executive Manager (hospital employee) and Governance (Board of Directors-final authority)
Term
What does the executive manager do?
Definition
Set the organization's future direction
Oversee departments
Fulfill the mission
Work with community leaders
Term
Role of the Governing Board?
Definition
Ultimately responsible for the organization
Term
Organizational Chart
Definition
Graphic representation of the organization's formal structure.
Show the various activities and categories/members assigned to carry them out (who reports to who)
Solid line=direct report
Broken line=indirect report
Term
Mission
Definition
The realistic description of the general purpose of an organization or group.
Term
Vision
Definition
Short description of the organization's ideal future state.
Term
Values
Definition
The behaviors expected of associates/employers at all levels.
Term
What is the most important aspect of the organization's success?
Definition
Human Resources
Term
What are the key functions of leadership?
Definition
Authority, responsibility, and accountability.
Term
What does effective team leadership lead to?
Definition
Improved performance, increased productivity, and decreased expenses.
Term
4 steps of a functional team
Definition
Forming, Storming, Norming, and Performing
Term
Forming
Definition
When the team members first come together and may not know their positions within the group, nor what extent they can trust other members.
Term
Storming
Definition
Occurs when individual team members examine their role within the group
Term
Norming
Definition
When each team member comes to understand his or her role.
Term
Performing
Definition
When the team can be productive and work successfully on the team goals.
Term
What do teams need to have?
Definition
A clear purpose.
Term
What is the team leader's role?
Definition
Keep the team on track and ensure each member has an opportunity to contribute.
Term
Recruitment
Definition
Advertising positions
Take in resumes and applications
Term
Retention
Definition
When staff feels appreciates and treated fairly.
Term
T/F Team leaders can give authority
Definition
False - Responsibilities can be delegated, but the ultimate authority still lies with the manager.
Term
5 stages of performance management
Definition
Planning, Monitoring, Developing, Rating, and Rewarding.
Term
Conflict Management
Definition
Utilizes control over the situation, constructive confrontation, and compromise.
Term
Grievance Management
Definition
Policies and procedures used to handle employee complaints
Term
Supervisor's stages of employee development
Definition
Exploration and trial
Establishment and advancement
Midcareer growth, maintenance, and decline
Disengagement
Term
Strategies for developing staff skills
Definition
On-the-job-training
Informational presentations
Action-based methods
Term
Job Redesign
Definition
Aligns the needs of the organization with skills and interests of the employee and designs the job to meet it.
Term
Fundamentals of work planning
Definition
Strategic planning and Operational planning
Term
Strategic planning
Definition
How the organization will respond to changes in the external environment and in the foreseeable future usually for 5-10yrs.
Term
10 general steps of strategic planning
Definition
1. Conduct an environmental assessment
2. Develop and/or revise the mission and vision statements in response to the environmental assessment
3. Develop and/or revise the values statement
4. Develop and/or revise the strategic plan for upcoming year
5. Revise the strategic plan for succeeding years
6. Develop specific action steps for upcoming year
7. Discuss the proposed strategic plan
8. Officially document the Board's approval
9. Communicate the strategic plan
10. Develop operational plans on the basis of the action steps and future direction.
Term
Operational planning
Definition
Tied to the budget and done annually by each department
Term
What does financial control begin with?
Definition
A budget
Term
Parts of a budget
Definition
Revenues and Expenses
Term
Revenue
Definition
Money that will be paid to the organization or income that will be earned
Term
Expenses
Definition
Money spent on the organization.
Term
2 parts of expenses
Definition
Fixed costs and Variable costs
Term
Fixed cost
Definition
Costs that remain the same regardless of how much work is done.
Term
Variable cost
Definition
Costs related to how much work is done, such as materials or employee salaries.
Term
Capital Budget
Definition
Items the organization will purchase whose value extends beyond one year: High-ticket Items
Term
3 areas of supply management
Definition
Purchasing process, Inventory control, and Supplier relationships
Term
4 staffing tools
Definition
1. Job descriptions
2. Performance standards
3. Work schedules
4. Written policies and procedures
Term
Position Description
Definition
Outlines work to be performed
Used in recruitment and interviewing
Used in establishing wages
Clarifies tasks to be performed.
Term
Benchmarking
Definition
Process of comparing your standards against industry standards to determine where you stand.
Term
What is work distribution based on?
Definition
The staff's capabilities and job responsibilities.
Term
What are staffing needs driven by?
Definition
Hours of coverage and their understanding of workload.
Term
What purpose do meeting minutes serve?
Definition
Factual record of proceedings, historical record of activities, and legal documentation for evidence.
Term
4 major uses of policies
Definition
1. Promote understanding, clarity, and consistency of behavior.
2. Eliminate repetitive decision making
3. Assist in the orientation of new employees
4. Provide documented controls as required by licensing and accrediting agencies.
Term
Purpose of employee handbooks
Definition
>Summarizes pertinent organizational policies
>State laws require certain policies be provided to employees
>Disclaimers allow organization to change policies/procedures after handbook is provided
Term
Due Process
Definition
A procedure to safeguard the rights of the employees
Term
Just Cause Requirement
Definition
Managers and supervisors must have just cause for disciplining employees.
Term
Reasonable Rule
Definition
Determines in the violated rule or order reasonable related to orderly, efficient and/or safe operations of the department
Term
What is the primary purpose of a job description?
Definition
To identify the essential functions of the position.
Term
What is job analysis?
Definition
The logical process to determine the position's purpose, essential functions, job setting, and job qualifications.
Term
Medical records are what type of data source?
Definition
Primary
Term
Registries are what type of data source?
Definition
Secondary
Term
4 major purposes for secondary data sources
Definition
1. Quality, performance, and patient safety.
2. Research
3. Population health studies
4. Administration uses.
Term
Who are internal users?
Definition
Users within the organization.
Term
Who are external users of data sources?
Definition
Individuals and institutions outside the facility.
Term
What are the types of secondary data sources?
Definition
facility-specific indexes such as MPI, diagnosis, operation, and physician.
Term
MPI
Definition
Master Patient Index: Used to retrieve health information for specific patients.
Term
Registries
Definition
Secondary data that contains more information than indexes.
Term
Data that must be included in facility-based cancer registries
Definition
>Demographic info
>Industrial or occupational history
>Administrative info
>Pathological info
Term
Case definitions
Definition
Defines cases to be entered in registry
Term
Case findings
Definition
Identify cases that meet the case definition
Term
Accession number
Definition
Number in the cancer registry that is made up of the year and sequential number
Term
Information collected on cancer
Definition
>Type and site
>Diagnostic methods
>Treatment methods
>Stage at time of diagnosis
Term
Staging and scale used
Definition
Size and extent of spread of tumor:
>T= size of primary and if it has spread to nearby tissues
>N= whether or not the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes
>M= whether or not the cancer has spread to distant areas of the body.
Term
Grading and scale used
Definition
Classifies cancer cells in terms of how abnormal they look under a microscope and how quickly the tumor is likely to grow and spread.
>Scale is 1 thru 4 and describes the cell's differentiation.
Term
Follow-up methods for cancer registry data
Definition
>Hospital records
>Physician queries
>Contacting patients
>Obituaries
>Social Security Death Index
Term
What type of cancer registry usually doesn't collect follow-up data?
Definition
Population-based registries
Term
Use of trauma registries
Definition
For performance improvement and research
Term
What is the focus of trauma registries?
Definition
Patient's quality of life
Term
Birth defects registries and their basis
Definition
Collect info on newborns with birth defects and are usually population-based
Term
Diabetes registry use
Definition
Used in managing and research
Term
Purpose of follow-up in diabetes registries
Definition
To prevent complications
Term
Implant registry and reporting requirements
Definition
Tracks performance of implants and collects manufacturer's contact info; product model, serial number, and lot number.
>Must report deaths and severe complications.
Term
Transplant registry and uses of data
Definition
Tracks who needs an organ:
Used for research, policy analysis, and quality control.
Term
Purpose on Immunization registries
Definition
To increase the number of infants and children to receive required immunizations at the proper intervals.
Term
National Practitioner Data Bank and reporting requirements
Definition
Database of medical malpractice payments, adverse licensing actions and certain professional review actions.
>Required to report info on practitioners and the reporting entity.
Term
Process that utilizes the National Practitioner Data Bank
Definition
Credentialing, re-licensing, and physician privileges.
Term
Healthcare Integrity and Protection Data Bank
Definition
Tracks reports of healthcare fraud and abuse with info on provider, supplier, or practitioner; nature of the act; and the description of actions on which the decision is based.
Term
ADL
Definition
Activities of Daily Living
Term
Vital Statistics
Definition
Collected by state and is data on births, deaths, fetal deaths, marriages, and divorces.
Term
Clinical Trials
Definition
Research project in which new treatments and tests are investigated
Term
Protocols
Definition
Procedure that must be followed during the clinical trail : Plan of Action
Term
Phases of clinical trials
Definition
>Phase I: safety
>Phase II: effectiveness and safety
>Phase III: effectiveness, side effects, and comparison to other available treatment
>Phase IV: treatment after entered market
Term
MEDLINE content
Definition
Biographical listings for publication
Term
UMLS meaning and use
Definition
Unified Medical Language System: links between different information systems
Term
HIE meaning, purpose, and use
Definition
Health Information Exchange
>Purpose: make sure complete information is provided at time of care.
>Used for research on population, treatments, and patient care.
Term
Data for Performance Measurement content and agencies who require its use
Definition
Serves as a database for core performance measures and is required by Joint Commission and CMS
Term
Data Stewardship
Definition
Rights of stakeholders to access, use, and control data maintained about their care.
Term
Issues with Data Quality
Definition
Accuracy, Consistency, Comprehensiveness, and Timeliness.
Term
Data Security and methods
Definition
Effort to control access to health information.
>passwords, biometrics, ID badges, audit trails, and encryption.
Term
Stakeholder
Definition
Someone who is affected by issues; patients and providers
Term
What rights do patients have regarding their health information?
Definition
They don't have exclusive ownership of information, but have the right to know what is collected and uses of the data
Term
What rights do patients have over their data in the HIE?
Definition
Patients should know their data is in the HIE and they have the ability to opt in or out.
Term
Data Sets
Definition
List of recommended data elements with uniform definitions that are relevant for a particular use.
Term
2 purposes of data sets
Definition
1. Identify data elements to be collected on each patient
2. Uniform definitions for common terms
Term
UHDDS meaning and uses
Definition
Uniform Hospital Discharge Data Set:
>Required by the federal gov.
>Collected from every hospital inpatient
>Used for determining DRGs
Term
Drivers of DRGs
Definition
>Principal Dx
>Principal procedure
>C&Cs
Term
UACDS meaning and uses
Definition
Uniform Ambulatory Care Data Set
>Used for outpatient visits and procedures
>Used in determining APCs
Term
MDS meaning, use, and when it is used
Definition
Minimum Data Set (for Long-term Care)
>Used to identify and assess patient safety and quality
>Used to create resident assessment protocols
>Completed at admission and periodically thereafter
Term
RAP meaning and use
Definition
Resident Assessment Protocol:
>Used by nursing homes
>Assesses:
>>Nature of complaint
>>Complications and risk factors that affect care planning
>>Factors to be considered in developing individualized care plan
>>Need for referrals/further evaluation
Term
OASIS-C meaning and use
Definition
Outcomes Assessment Set - Home Health Care:
>Collects core data on home health patients
>Used as basis for home health reimbursement.
Term
HEDIS meaning and use
Definition
Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set:
>Used to compare performance of managed healthcare plans
>Collects administrative, claims, and health record review data
Term
Who sponsors HEDIS?
Definition
NCQA (National Committee for Quality Assurance)
Term
What Data Set is used to compare performance of managed healthcare plans?
Definition
HEDIS
Term
DEEDS meaning and use
Definition
Data Elements for Emergency Departments:
>Supports the uniform collection of data in hospital-based Emergency Depts. and to reduce incompatibilities in ED records.
Term
Objectives of ORYX
Definition
>Comparative database used for benchmarking, health services research, and internal activities
>Fosters standardization of performance measures
>Encourages use of evidence-based treatment protocols.
Term
Dimensions of NHIN
Definition
>Personal Health: controlled by individuals
>Healthcare Provider: info captured during patient care
>Population Health: Data and resources needed to improve public health
Term
Data Standard
Definition
provides acceptable values for data fields
Term
Data Exchange Standards
Definition
Protocols that ensure data transmitted from one system to another remain comparable
Term
Transmission Standards
Definition
Supports format and sequence of data during transmission.
Term
What do Data Exchange Standards allow for?
Definition
>Disease surveillance
>Health and Healthcare population monitoring
>Outcomes research
>Decision making and policy development
Term
ARRA meaning and function
Definition
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act:
>Provided funds for standards, health info exchange and implementation assistance.
Term
Harmonization
Definition
>Process of replacing standards and policies adopted by nations with uniform global standards
>Done by Standards Development Organizations and private/governmental agencies involved
Term
Structure and Content Standards
Definition
Data dictionaries: uniform definitions of data elements
Term
HL7
Definition
Family of standards that aid exchange of data
Term
Functional / EHR Standards
Definition
Define components an EHR needs to support functions for which it was designated
Term
Technical / Interoperability Standards
Definition
Provide rules of how data is transmitted from one computer to another
Term
DICOM
Definition
Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine:
>Transmits radiology and other imaging
Term
Vocabulary / Terminology / Classification Systems
Definition
Facilitate standardization of health data representation
Term
XML
Definition
Extensible Markup Language
>Universal language to facilitate storage and transmission of data published on the internet
Term
CCR
Definition
Continuity of Care Record
Term
EMR
Definition
Electronic Medical Record
>Used within one healthcare organization
Term
EHR
Definition
Electronic Health Record
>Used across more than one healthcare organization
Term
Goal of EHRs
Definition
>Provide seamless exchange of information
>Access to evidence-based medicine
>Embedded clinical terminology
Term
CPOE
Definition
Computerized Provider Order Entry
>includes standard order sets and clinical decision support
Term
Ancillary systems
Definition
Aid professionals in lab, radiology, and pharmacy.
Term
EMAR
Definition
Electronic Medication Administration Record
Term
CDS
Definition
Clinical Decision Support
>Assists physicians, nurses, and other clinicians make decisions about patient care like:
>>Provides documentation of findings and procedures
>>Active reminders for med. admin.
>>Makes suggestions for prescribing
>>Cross-references protocols
>>Alerts if duplicate lab test is ordered.
Term
How must data be captured for CDS
Definition
Discrete / Structured data
Term
COLD
Definition
Computer Output to Laser Disk
>Transfers scanned documents to laser disks
Term
EDMS
Definition
Electronic Document Management System
>Scans documents to a computerized form
>Allows for electronic signature authentication
>Includes digital dictation and speech recognition
Term
Clinical Data Repository
Definition
>Manages data from different sources
>Allows for easier processing
Term
Types of PHR
Definition
>Integrated: associated with existing EHR at healthcare facility
>Stand-alone: obtained from a vendor
Term
Interface
Definition
A special program where specific data are identified as needing to be exchanged and then rules about how those data are structured are applied.
Term
Vocabulary
Definition
The set of all terms that may be used in a language
Term
Classification
Definition
A grouping of the terms into various categories
Term
Electronic Document/Content Management
Definition
Enables data to be processed separately from the document
Term
Enterprise Report Management
Definition
Captures data from print files and other digital documents like email and stores them for viewing
Term
Results Retrieval and Management Technology
Definition
>Accesses test results individually or many at a time
>Screen layout can be customized
Term
Architecture
Definition
Configuration, structure, and relationships of all components of a computer system
Term
2 main types of architecture
Definition
1. Client/server
2. Web services
Term
4 types of storage technology
Definition
1. RAID=Redundant Arrays of Independents Disk
2. SAN=Storage Area Networks
3. Storage management software
4. Server redundancy
Term
What type of storage is also called "Mirrored Processing"
Definition
Server redundancy
Term
4 techniques of EHR selection
Definition
1. Best of Fit
2. Dual core
3. Best of breed
4. Rip-and-Replace
Term
Best of breed
Definition
A vendor strategy used when purchasing an EHR that refers to system applications that are considered the best in class.
Term
Best of Fit
Definition
A vendor strategy used when purchasing an EHR in which all the systems required by the healthcare facility are available from one vendor.
Term
Dual core
Definition
A vendor strategy in which one vendor primarily supplies the financial and administrative applications and another vendor primarily supplies the clinical applications.
Term
Rip-and-Replace
Definition
When the vendor applications are completely thrown out and replaced with a different vendor.
Term
Work Processes
Definition
Policies and procedures for employees to follow
Term
5 stages of information system activities
Definition
1. Input
2. Processing
3. Output
4. Storage
5. Controlling
Term
Dashboards
Definition
Reports of process measures to help leaders know what is currently going on so that they can plan strategically where they want to go next.
Term
Knowledge Management System
Definition
A type of system that supports the creation, organization, and dissemination of business or clinical knowledge and expertise to providers, employees, and managers throughout a healthcare enterprise.
Term
5 steps of information system development
Definition
1. Planning
2. Analysis
3. Design
4. Implementation
5. Analysis
Term
Planning of IS development
Definition
>Identify and assign priorities
>Look at needs not wants
>Steering Committee is overseen by the CIO
Term
CIO
Definition
Chief Information Officer
>The senior manager responsible for the overall management of information resources in an organization
Term
Analysis Plan of IS development
Definition
>Requests are made for systems
>Ask questions about the system, review documentation, prototypes
Term
System Analysis of IS development
Definition
Identifies what system needs to accomplish
Term
Design Phase of IS development
Definition
>Specifies specific functions and design of the system
>Models: Objects, physical, and screen prototypes
Term
Maintenance Phase of IS development
Definition
>Identifies potential problems and take steps to correct them
>Evaluates effectiveness of the system
>Evaluates return on investment
Term
Supercomputers
Definition
The largest, fastest, and most expensive type of computer that exists today-used in large-scale activities like weather forecasting
Term
What type of computer is an employee workstation?
Definition
Midrange computers
Term
Parallel Approach for conversion to new systems
Definition
When both the old and new systems are ran until the managers and staff are confident that the new system works.
Term
Phased Approach for conversion to new systems
Definition
When portions of the new system are implemented over time instead of installing the entire system all at once.
Term
Analog Computers
Definition
Low memory size and fewer functions, very fast in processing but the output return is not very accurate.
Term
Digital Computers
Definition
>Means "discrete"
>give accurate results
>possess high-speed data processing and can store large amounts of data
>easy to program and consumes low energy
Term
What type of computer can process both continuous and discrete data accurately?
Definition
Hybrid Computers
Term
5 basic computer functions
Definition
1. Input
2. Processing
3. Memory
4. Output storage
5. Communications
Term
Peripherals
Definition
Basic computer functions
Term
Data capture devices
Definition
>keyboards
>mice
>scanners
>sensors
>barcodes
Term
Output devices
Definition
>Visual display units
>Printers
>Fax machines
>Speakers
Term
Secondary data storage devices
Definition
>Flash drives
>Magnetic tape
>Optical disks
Term
Processors
Definition
A microchip implanted in a CPU's hard drive that processes instructions sent to it by the computer and software programs.
Term
Communication devices
Definition
Used to assist communications among different computers.
>Modems
>Satellite dishes
>ADSL
Term
Modems
Definition
Translate digital data into analog data so that the data can be transmitted over telephone lines and received by a remote computer.
Term
Programming languages purpose
Definition
Used to develop software that provides instructions to the computer to execute specific tasks.
Term
3 categories of computer software
Definition
1. System software
2. Computer programming software
3. Application software
Term
Database
Definition
An organized collection of data saved as a binary-type file on a computer
Term
Relational database
Definition
Stores data in predefined tables that contain rows and columns similar to a spreadsheet
Term
Object-oriented databases
Definition
Stores objects of data, where an object is a discrete or abstract thing.
Term
Object-relational database
Definition
A type of database that stores both objects and traditional tables
Term
Primary key of relational database
Definition
Ensure that each row in a table is unique.
Doesn't change in value
Term
Column/field of relational database
Definition
A basic fact
Term
Row/record of relational database
Definition
A set of columns or a collection of related data items.
Term
Foreign key of relational database
Definition
A column of one table that corresponds to a primary key.
Term
What does a good database design implement?
Definition
The exact data requirements of the end users
Term
Data Models
Definition
Provide contextual framework and graphical representation that aid in the definition of data elements
Term
What do data dictionaries do?
Definition
>Improve data validity and reliability
>Improves communication
>Define terms
Term
Integrity constraints
Definition
Ensures data does not result in loss of data quality thru:
>Specifications of uniqueness for values
>Validation for values of columns
>Referential integrity constraints which ensure data quality in relational databases
Term
2 categories of database management systems
Definition
1. Personal
2. Server-based
Term
Data warehouse
Definition
>Consolidates and stores data from various databases throughout the enterprise
>Improves customer support
>Lowers production costs
>Increased profitability
>Quicker turnaround for making decisions
Term
Data mining
Definition
Process that Identifies patterns and relationships by searching thru large amounts of data.
Term
How does healthcare use data mining?
Definition
Used to identify methods for cutting costs, suggest better treatments, and predict medical outcomes.
Term
4 network fundamentals of a communication system
Definition
1. Transmitter (send the info)
2. Receiver
3. Medium (the mechanism that connects the transmitter to the receiver)
4. Data
Term
Clients in a network
Definition
Computers that access shared resources
Term
Servers in a network
Definition
Computers that share resources across the network
Term
Services in a network
Definition
Tasks that a network server performs
Term
LAN
Definition
Local-area network
>connects computers in a relatively small area
Term
WAN
Definition
Wide-area network
>connects devices across a large geographical area
Term
4 types of network topologies
Definition
>Bus
>Star
>Ring
>Mesh
Term
Network protocols
Definition
Enable computers on the network to communicate with each other
Term
Types of physical data security
Definition
>Protection from environmental hazards
>Physical separation of stored data records
>Backup and recovery
>Protection of workstations when exposed to the public.
Term
Purpose of risk assessments
Definition
To minimize impact of threats
Term
Continuity Planning
Definition
Planning process that ensures information systems will operate critical units during disruption in the system
Term
Groupware
Definition
Facilitates exchange of info and realtime collaboration
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