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Motor Speech lecture 3
Supertentorial level
17
Science
Graduate
10/03/2010

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Cards

Term
Name the major anatomical levels of the nervous system
Definition
supratentorial level, posterior fossa level, spinal level, peripheral level
Term
name the anatomical structures at the supratentorial level of the cerebrum
Definition
frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital and insula lobes
Term
name the anatomical structures at the supratentorial level of the nuclei
Definition
thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia (putamen, globus palidus, and caudate nucleus)
Term
name the anatomical structures of the supratentorial level of the cavities
Definition
2 lateral ventricles, third and forth ventricles
Term
What is the basal ganglia?
Definition
a group of nuclei that control background movement and movement initiation patterns. It connects to cerebral cortex & extrapyramidal system. It does not directly connect to or influence LMN level.
Term
What structures comprise the basal ganglia?
Definition
caudate nucleus, putamen, globus palidus, subthalamic nuclei, substantia nigra
Term
what two structures comprise the lentiform nucleus?
Definition
putamen and globus palidus
Term
What are the functions of the basal ganglia?
Definition
regulate muscle tone, help maintain posture & static muscle contraction, regulates amplitude, velocity & initiation of movement, inhibits or modulates cortical impulses
Term
Name two disorders that affect basal ganglia function
Definition
hypokinesia (reduced movement); Hyperkinesia (involuntary movement)
Term
describe hypokinesia disorders
Definition
substantia nigra disorder; deficiency in dopamine; results in increased muscle tone (rigidity). Prominent disorder: Parkinson's disease
Term
What are the characteristics of hyperkinsia?
Definition
excessive dopamine -- reduces inhibition of cortex discharges causes exaggerated movements affecting location, speed, regularity, and predictability.
Term
What is the function of the thalamus nuclei?
Definition
emotion, receive input from basal ganglia and cerebellum, relays information on general body sensation, processes auditory information, and processes visual information.
Term
What are the functions of the hypothalamus?
Definition
release of hormones, control of food and water intake, sexual behavior, dinural (day/night) rhythms, mediating of emotional responses
Term
Name the three general divisions of the hypothalamus
Definition
mammillary bodies (memory); tuberal (emotions), supraoptic (emotion)
Term
What is the epithalamus?
Definition
Primarily a pineal gland that manufactures melatonin & enzymes sensitive to daylight; daily biological clock
Term
What is the function of the subthalamus?
Definition
regulates movements produced by skeletal muscles
Term
What two cranial nerves are located at the supratentorial level?
Definition
CN 1 - olfactory nerve, and CN 2 - Optic Nerve
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