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waah
58
Pharmacology
Graduate
05/01/2012

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Cards

Term
Strongest penicllin? First penicllin?
Definition
Strongest: Pen VK
First: Pen G
Term
What is the antibiotic that is prescribed the most?
Definition
Amoxicillin
Term
Which penicillin is not renally excreted?
Definition
Nafacillin
Term
Where is the beta lactam bond broken?
Definition
The square. Between the C=O and the N
Term
Which antibiotics are bacteriostatic?
Definition
Clinodmycin
Chloramphenichol
Erythromycin
Striptomycin
Tetracycline
Sulfa
Term
Which antibiotics are bacteriocidal?
Definition
Aminoglycosides
Muprioprion
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Term
Which drugs bind to the 30S subunit?
Definition
Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines, Spectinomycin
Term
Which antibiotics bind to the 30 S?
Definition
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Clindomycin
Term
Which antibiotic treats gram negative anaerobes?
Definition
Clindamycin
Term
Spectrum of:
-Erythromycins
-Clindamycin
-Aminoglycosides
-Tetracyclines
-Chloramphenicol
Definition
Amino: gram - aerobes
Tetracycline: Broad
Chloramphenicol: Very broad
Erythromycins: Fairly broad
Clindamycin: Gram + anearobes
Term
Which aminoglycoside is taken orally?
Definition
Neomycin
Term
What drug can cause grey baby syndrome?
Definition
Chloramphenicol
Term
Why can't children use quinalones?
Definition
<<16 yo. eat away their joints.
Term
How long for elimination of 90-100% of a drug?
Definition
4-5 half lives
Term
What kinetics do antibiotics follow?
Definition
1st order. Constant fraction of drug in blood is lost per unit of time
Term
How long to reach plateau phase?
Definition
4-5 half lives
Term
What are the targets of drugs for antibiotics?
Definition
-Cell Wall
-Cytoplasmic membrane
-Protein
-Nucleic acids
-Metabolism
Term
What is Jim Henson's rule?
Definition
Treat bacterial infection in a timely manner
Term
What should you use if resistance is suspected to a drug( cidal or static)
Definition
Combination of both
Term
What should you use if no resistance is suspected? (cidal or static)
Definition
Cidal
Term
How does resistance to penicllins occur 3 ways)
How do these work w/ gram - and gram +
Definition
1. Beta lactamase
2. Can't reach the cell
3. Can't attach the cell
Gram -: 1,2
Gram +: 1,3
Term
Penicillin drugs that aren't easily metabolized?
Definition
Oxacillin
Cloxacillin
Term
Penicillins that are less effected by penicllinases?
Definition
Imimpinum
Term
Direct inhibitors of B-lactamase?
Definition
Clavaulanic acid
Sulbactam
Term
How can you minimize risk for allergic rxn in penicllins?
Definition
Oral administration
Term
How does one take penicllin in relation to food?
Definition
1 hour before, 2 hours after
Term
IV or IM penicllin?
Definition
IV
IM in painful
Term
Do penicllins cross the BBB?
Definition
No
Term
Qualities of Amoxicillin:
Definition
Broad spectrum
Orally active
Longer T1/2. TID dosing
Capsules/chewable tablets
Taken w/ meals. Presence of food has little effect on absorption
Term
Allergic reactivity to penicillins, can you take cephalosporin?
Definition
NOT if severe rxn.
Term
MOA of vancomycin
Definition
Inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to the free carboxyl end of the pentapeptide, which interferes w/ elongation of the peptidoglycan backbone
Term
What does Vanc treat?
Definition
Enterococcal infections--drug of choice
Orally to treat C-Diff
Term
Toxicities of Vanc:
Definition
Ototoxicity
Hypersensitivity rxn (skin rashes)
Red man syndrome
Phlebitis
Addition of aminoglycosides increases chance of oto/nephrotoxicity
Term
Bacitracin: MOA/Special
Definition
ONLY topical
Interfere c/ cell wall synthesis via block of dephosphorylation of lipid carrier
Term
Which drugs: freeze initiation, polysome-->monosome; cause mis-reading of MRNA-->wrong AA?
Definition
Streptomyicn, aminoglycosides
Term
Which drugs block tRNA binding to the mRNA codon?
Definition
Tetracycline, chloramphenicol
Term
Which drug Blocks peptide bond formation?
Definition
Chloramphenicol/erythromycin
Term
Which drug blocks the translocation step?
Definition
Erythromycin
Clindamycin
Term
Which drug binds to leucine tRNA
Definition
Pseudomonic acid
Term
MOA of amino glycosides?
Definition
Ionic association w/ negatively charged GM- cell surface and positive charged GA

Penetration of gm- bacteria disrupts outer membrane and causes leak of vital ions. Further uptake of AG
Term
Which aminoglycoside is oral?
Definition
Neomycin
Term
MOA of tetracycline:
Definition
Bind to the 30s subunit and blocks attachment of charged aminoacyl tRNA
Term
Which tetracycline is the most lipid soluble?
Which is the least?
Definition
Doxycycline, Minocycline
Oxycycline-Least
Term
Bad toxicity of tetracycline?
Definition
Effects on calcium in teeth and bones=yellowing of teeth
Term
MOA of chloramphenicol
Definition
Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 50s subunit of micorbial ribosomes and preent peptide attachment
Term
Spectrum of chloramphenicol
Definition
Some gram-, some gram +, anaerobes
Term
Erythromycin MOA
Definition
Bind to the 50s subunit of microbial ribosomes and preent peptide bond formation
Term
Absorption of erythromycin?
Definition
Erythromycin destroyed by stomach acid. Enterically coated, time released available. Absorbed in the gut.

Distribted everywhere, including CNS
Term
Clindamycin MOA, distribution, spectrum
Definition
Inhibits peptide binding at 50s subunit
Distributes in all body tissues, CNS, CSF
Spectrum, gram + organisms. ANAEROBOES
Term
MOA of Antimetabolites
Definition
Structural antagonists of the synthesis or reductive processing of folic acid
Term
What do antifolate metabolites compete for?
Definition
Reduction steps by inhibiting DHFR
Term
Why antimetabolites and UTIs?
Definition
Concentrate in teh urine
Term
Persons w/ what type of deficiency could experience increased toxicity in antimetbaolites?
Definition
Glucose 6 phosphate
Term
Sulfonamides: bacteristatic or bactericytic?
Definition
Bacteristatic
Term
MOA of quinalones:
Definition
DNA gyrase, topoisomerase 2
Term
Which of the following is used to treat topical fungal infections by has to be given systemically?
Definition
Griseofulvin
Term
What is the MOA of amphoterocin B?
Definition
Bind to sterols in th emembrane. These channels lead to loss o fvital ions, such as K/Mg
Term
Adverse effects of amphotericin B and nystatin?
Definition
Renal dysfunctioin
Loss of appetitie
GI probs
CNS: HA
Rash/Liver damage
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