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Morality Set 1
Ethical Approaches
58
Religious Studies
9th Grade
02/15/2010

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Term
ethics
Definition
well based standards of right and wrong that perscribe what human rights ought to do & refers to the study and develpoment of ones ethical standards
Term
utilitarianism
Definition
approach that couts everyone exactly the same
Term
Jeremy Bentham
Definition
co-established utilitarianism
Term
Mill
Definition
co-established utilitarianism
Term
pig philosophy
Definition
happiness comes from ignorance, a simple life
Term
OMELAS.
setting?
Definition
festival of summersin the city of the omelas
Term
OMELAS
trajedy?
Definition
the little boy in the basement has to suffer so the rest of the city and thrive
Term
right
Definition
justified claim on others
Term
immanuel kant
Definition
18th centuary philosopher that establised the rights approach
Term
negative right
Definition
a right that imposes a negative duty (a duty not to interfere with certain activities)
Term
positive right
Definition
a right that provides something that people need to secure their well-being
Term
catergorial imparitive
Definition
treat people as an "end" rather then as a "means"
Term
justice
Definition
giving each person what he/she deserves
Term
Plato
Definition
greek philosopher associated with the justice/fairness approach
Term
"equals should be treated equally and unequals unequally"
Definition
aristotle
Term
social justice
aka...
Definition
distributive.
extent to which society's institutions ensure that benefits/burdens are distributed in ways that are fair
Term
retributive justice
Definition
aka: corrective
extent to which punishments are fair and just
Term
compensatory justice
Definition
the extent to which people are fairly compensated for thei injuries by those who have injured them
Term
john rawls
Definition
founder of justice/fairness approach
Term
deterrence
Definition
so no one tries something again
Term
rehibilitation
Definition
to make people better
Term
lex tallionis
Definition
an eye for an eye
Term
asarco
Definition
a lead melting plant
Term
common good
Definition
notion that originated 2000 years ago from plato, aristotle & cicero
Term
"the sum of those conditions of social life which allow social groups & their individual members access to fufillment."
Definition
catholic approach to the common good
Term
COMMON GOOD.
pluralistic societies
Definition
what is more important? (in the common good?)
Term
"free-riders"
Definition
when benefits are available to all, some wont do their part
Term
individualism
Definition
people have to sacrifice their personal goals for the benefit of the common good
Term
unequal sharing of burdens
Definition
some people must bear greater costs than others
Term
ethics approach
Definition
says morals should be focused on "who do i want to be" not "what should i do"
Term
virtue
Definition
attitudes or character traits that enable us to act in ways to develop this potential
Term
habits
Definition
become a part of a person
Term
James Rest
Definition
created a list of 5 findings
Term
lawrence kohlberg
Definition
three stages of ethics
Term
preconventional level
Definition
childhod stage of ethical development in which right/wrongs are determined by authority figures
Term
conventional level
Definition
adolescent ethical stage in which moral standards are based on "group" standards
Term
postconventional level
Definition
adult ethical level that takes everyones intrests into view
Term
Milgram
Definition
performed shock expiriment
Term
steven sherman
Definition
proved that education can strengthen the power of consiceince over authority.
Term
thomas shanks
Definition
created list of ethical questions to ask yourself
Term
consistency
Definition
the absence of contradictions
Term
integrity
Definition
refers to people who act in ways consistent to their beliefs
Term
utilitarianism def.
Definition
the greatest good frot he greatest number
Term
eudalmoia
Definition
"well being" "good spirited"
Term
allister macintier
Definition
"the good life is a life spent searching for the good life"
Term
ethical relativism
Definition
the theory that holds that morality is relative tot he norms of society
Term
ruth benedict
Definition
established ethical relativism
Term
cultural relativism...
Definition
"descriptive view"
Term
ethical relativism(view)...
Definition
prescriptive
Term
carol gilligan
Definition
saw that the common feature between kohlnergs stages was "all guys"
Term
ethics of justice
Definition
MALE sense
Term
ethics of care
Definition
FEMALE sense based on relationships
Term
virtue approach is ____ based
Definition
character
Term
most approaches are ______ based
Definition
conduct
Term
problems with utilitarianism
Definition
hard to measure the benefits of some values over some costs
Term
eminent domain
Definition
state building infastructure that takes land
Term
loch's priorities
Definition
life,liberty, property &health
Term
socrates
Definition
ethics consists of knowing what we ougth to do & such knowledge can be taught
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