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Mongols and Nomads
"The Mongol Moment"
22
History
7th Grade
04/08/2012

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Cards

Term
Why do we need to understand pastoral nomads in order to understand world history?
Definition

because it represents the developmental stage, provided innovations, and provided an influence on settled agriculture. 

 

It restores a balance to what historians study. 

Term
What were some of the primary characteristics of the first settled societies?
Definition

they had settled agriculture

domestication (selective breeding o plants/ animals)

there was a social surplus (too many people, not enough resources)

Term

When and where did pastoral societies develop and what were they like?

 

Definition

there was a focus on livestock

needed large grazing areas (moved for food)

divided into groups based on kinship

 patrilineal (decent determined on male side)

smaller population than agricultural societies

had a equal social structure 

the women were equal to men and were involved in productive labor

Term
What sorts of connections did nomads have to agricultural neighbors? 
Definition

trade and raid 

deep connections

 

got food crops, luxury items, and manufactured goods that they could only get from agricultural groups. 

Term
How did large nomadic states develop?
Definition

The charistmatic leader got more citizens through fictive (fake) kinship and  making aliences (and breaking them.)

all the males could fight so they had a strong "army"

they shared a common religion so people from other tribes would join them if they wanted more religious freedom.

Term
Where did large nomadic states develop?
Definition
big grassland regions
Term
Why did large nomadic states develop?
Definition
they wanted things from other places
Term
How did life change on the inner Asian steppe around 1000 BCE?
Definition

HORSES!!!!!!!!!!


MOUNTED WARFARE MADE NOMADIC EMPIRES POSSIBLE. 

Term

During what period of Chinese history were the Xiongnu active? Dates?

 

Definition

During the Han Dynasty

around the 3rd and 2nd century BCE

Term
Who was Modun and what reforms did he make in the nomadic life of the Xiongnu?
Definition

he was a charismatic leader from the xiongnu

he forced tribute from neighbors and china

forced Wen to acknowledge equality

more centralized on Modun and heirarchal political system

he was "devinely sanctioned ruler"

Term
Which later nomadic states modeled themselves on the Xiongnu?
Definition
the later Turks and Mongol empire
Term
Did the development of the Mongol Empire change the relationship between Europe, CHina, and the Islamic world?
Definition
yes, there were extensive connections
Term
How large was the Mongol Empire?
Definition

about 700,000 people

it was VERY small

Term
Describe the cultural impact of the Mongols, or its lack, on the larger world.
Definition

Mongolia did not effect the world very much

they did not try to spread their empire

hey wanted goods, military service, labor from those they conquered ( in other words; they EXPLOITED them)

Term

How did the Mongol Empire relate to the later nomadic empires?

 

Definition
it was the last one
Term

WHat was the Mongol religion? 

What was it like?

Definition

Shamanism

Shamans were religious specialists that were consulted by the rulers. They predicted the future, communicated with the spirits, and sacrificed to the gods. 

Ancestor worship - LIKE CHINA

Term
What were the Mongols like socially and politically before the rise of the Mongol Empire?
Definition
IT was an unstable collections of feuding tribes
Term

Who was Temujin?

What was his story?

Definition

He was a charistmatic leader of the Mongols.

When he was younger his father died and because the groups were highly patrilineal, he and his family left their group and became social outcasts

Term
What happened in 1206?
Definition
Temujin was named Chinggis Kahn (which means universal ruler) by the tribal assembly recognized 
Term
What happened in 1209?
Definition
the first attack on China which started the Mongolian world war
Term
HOw did Chinggis Kahn use to hold his fragilestate use to hold his fragile state together?
Definition

He constantly EXPANDED

reason: 

it gave focus to subjects (to stop fighting)

resources

Term
HOw did Chinggis understand the purpose of his conquests?
Definition
to conquer the world (afterall, he is the "universal ruler") 
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