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Module 7.1.1 Rationalization
Vocabulary words for module on Rationalization
20
Sociology
Undergraduate 3
10/14/2015

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Term
Detailed Division of Labor
Definition
The breakdown of product manufacturing into simple discrete steps, with each task assigned to an individual worker.
Term
Specialization
Definition
An occupation that concentrates upon a small part of the whole enterprise.
Term
Individualism
Definition
A belief in the centrality and primary importance of the individual and the importance of self-sufficiency and independence.
Term
Community
Definition
A group of people who share a common sense of identity and have sustained interaction with one another.
Term
Primary Group
Definition
A typically small group of individuals standing in an enduring personal relationship to one another.
Term
Anomie
Definition
A structural condition in which social norms are weak or conflicting.
Term
Alienation
Definition
The sense that one has lost control over social institutions that one has participated in creating; often characterized as estrangement from the self and from the society as a whole.
Term
Rational-legal Authority
Definition
Weber's term for authority that is based on law, rules, or regulations.
Term
Feedback Loop
Definition
In sociocultural materialism, the dynamic relationships between the different components of sociocultural systems. While the theory begins with an examination of infrastructural determinism, it recognizes that structure and superstructure can play an independent role in determining the character of the system.
Term
Social Forces
Definition
The elements of society and social organizations that exert an influence on individual human behaviour.
Term
Social Evolution
Definition
Theories of cumulative sociocultural change that generally hold that human societies move from simple to complex forms of organization.
Term
Social Justice
Definition
The fair administration of laws without regard to ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender, religion, or class.
Term
Underclass
Definition
A class of individuals in mature industrial societies situated at the bottom of the class system who have been systematically excluded from participation in economic life.
Term
Hyperindustrialism
Definition
A societal condition in which virtually all social institutions (government, family, education) have adapted to the demands of the industrial economy.
Term
Autocatalytic Process
Definition
A positive feedback cycle between two variables A and B, so that an increase in A causes an increase in B, which then causes a further increase in A.
Term
Hyper consumption
Definition
The consumption of goods and services to the point of abnormal excess.
Term
Homo Duplex
Definition
Durkheim’s idea that human beings have a dual nature, the angel and the beast, with the beast being the stronger of the two.
Term
Will
Definition
According to Durkheim, an id-like nature that is focused on the individual satisfaction of all wants and desires; the first and “lower” part of Durkheim’s dual conception of human nature.
Term
Collective Conscience
Definition
Durkheim's term for common beliefs and values that guide human behavior.
Term
Social Structure
Definition
The pattern of human relationships formed by human groups and institutions within a given society.
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