Term
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Definition
| refers to different levels of awareness of one's thoughts and feelings; it may include creating images in one's mind, following one's thought processes, or having unique emotional experiences. |
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Term
| Continuum of Consciousness |
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Definition
| refers to a wide range of experiences, from being actually aware and alert, to being totally unaware and unresponsive. |
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Term
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Definition
| activities that require full awareness, alertness, and concentration to reach some goal; focused attention required in carrying these out usually interferes with the execution of other, ongoing activities. |
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Term
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Definition
| activities that require little awareness, take minimal attention, and do not interfere with other ongoing activities. |
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Term
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Definition
| activity that requires a low level of awareness, often occurs during automatic processes, and involves fantasizing or dreaming while awake. |
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Term
| Altered States of Consciousness |
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Definition
| results from using any number of procedures (meditation, psychoactive drugs, hypnosis, or sleep deprivation) to produce awareness that differs from normal consciousness. |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of five different stages that involve different levels of awareness, consciousness, and responsiveness, as well as different levels of physiological arousal; deepest state is almost unconsciousness. |
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Term
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Definition
| a unique state of consciousness in which we are asleep but experience a variety of astonishing visual, auditory, and tactile images, often connected in strange ways. |
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Term
| Implicit/Nondeclarative Sleep |
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Definition
| consists of mental and emotional processes that we are unaware of but bias/influence our conscious feelings, thoughts, and behaviors. |
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Term
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Definition
| results from disease, trauma, blow to the head, or general medical anesthesia; results in total lack of sensory awareness and complete loss of responsiveness to one's environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| internal timing devices that are genetically set to regulate various physiological responses for different periods of time. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to a biological clock that is genetically programmed to regulate physiological responses within a time period of 24-25 hours. |
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Term
| Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) |
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Definition
| one of many groups of cells that make up the hypothalamus; it is a sophisticated biological clock that regulates a number of circadian rhythms; because it receives direct input from the eyes, the cells are highly responsive to changes in light. |
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Term
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Definition
| started and stopped like a stopwatch; gauges that passage of seconds, minutes, or hours and helps creatures tie their movements, such as knowing when to start or stop doing some activity; located in the basal ganglia. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to a state experienced by travelers in which their biological circadian clock is out of step, with the external clock time at their new location; results in fatigue, disorientation, lack of concentration, and reduced cognitive skills; takes one day to recover. |
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Term
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Definition
| use of bright, artifical light to reset circadian clocks and combat the insomnia and drowsiness that plagues shift workers and jet-lag sufferers. |
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Term
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Definition
| a hormone that is secreted by the pineal gland, an oval-shaped group of cells that is located in the center of the human brain; secretion of this increases with darkness and decreases with light; the SCN regulates the secretion of this. |
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Term
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Definition
| refer to the distinctive changes in the electrical activity of the brain and accompanying physiological responses of the body that occur as you pass through different phases of sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| marked by feelings of being relaxed and drowsy, usually with eyes closed. |
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Term
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Definition
| spend 80% of sleep time; 4 stages. |
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Term
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Definition
| transition from wakefulness to sleep and lasts 1-7 minutes; gradually lose responsiveness to stimuli and experience drifting thoughts and images; theta waves. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pass from 2 to 4 after 30-45 min. |
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Term
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Definition
| slow wave/delta sleep; characterized y waves of very high amplitude and low frequency; considered deepest stage of sleep (hard to wake up); heart rate, temperature, and blood flow decrease. |
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Term
| REM (Rapid Eye Movement) Sleep |
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Definition
| remaining 20% of sleep; high frequency waves and low amplitude; body is aroused but paralyzed. |
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Term
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Definition
| usually occurs in old people; voluntarily muslces are not paralyzed, and sleepers can and do act out their dreams. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to individuals spending an increased percentage of time in REM sleep if they were deprived of REM sleep on the previous nights. |
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Term
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Definition
| suggests that activities during the day deplete key factors in our brain or body that are replenished or repaired by sleep; sleep is primarily a restorative process. |
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Term
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Definition
| suggest sleep evolved because it prevented early humans and animals from wasting energy and exposing themselves to the dangers of nocturnal predators. |
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Term
| Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus (VPN) |
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Definition
| group of cells in the hypothalamus that act like a master switch for sleep; when turned on, it secretes a neurotransmitter (GABA) that turns off areas that keep the brain awake; when it's turned off, cerain brain areas become active and you wake up. |
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Term
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Definition
| column of cells that stretches the length of the brain stem; arouses and alerts toe forebrain and prepares it to receive information from all the senses. |
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Term
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Definition
| says we have a "censor" that protects us from realizing threatening and unconscious desires and wishes, especially those involving sex or aggresion; the "censor" transforms these thoughts/anxieties into harmless symbols in our dreams. |
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Term
| Extensions of Waking Life Theory |
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Definition
| says that our dreams reflect the same thoughts, fears, concerns, problems, and emotions that we have when awake. |
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Term
| Activation-Synthesis Theory of Dreams |
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Definition
| says that dreaming represents the random and meaningless activity of nerve cells in the brain; an area in the brain (the pons) sends millions of random nerve impulses to the cortex, which in turn tries to make sense of the random signals by creating the feelings, imagined movements, perceptions, changing scenes, and meaningless images that we define as dreams. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to dificulties in either going to sleep or staying asleep through the night; associated with a number of daytime complaints including fatigue, impairment of concentration, memory dificulty, and lack of well-being. |
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Term
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Definition
| reduce anxiety, worry, and stress, are commonly prescribed for and effective in the short-term treatment of insomnia; too long use reults in daytime drowsiness, loss of memory, tolerance, and dependency. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to repeated periods during sleep when a person stops breathing for 10 seconds or longer; person may repeatedly stop breathing, wake up, resume breathing, then fall asleep again. |
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Term
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Definition
| a chronic disorder that is marked by excessive sleepiness, usually in the form of sleep attacks or short periods of sleep throughout the day; followed by REM sleep and muscle paralysis. |
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Term
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Definition
| occur during stages 3 and 4; frightening experiences that often start with a piercing scream, followed by sudden waking in a fearful state with rapid breathing and increased heart rate; 3-7% of children have it. |
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