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Modern ERP Test 1
Cockrell
137
Accounting
Graduate
09/30/2012

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Term
When ERP was introduced
Definition
Mid Late 1990s
Term
What is ERP
Definition
integrated suite of info technology apps that support operations of an enterprise
Term
Define Crossfunctional
Definition
serves more than 1 function
Term
Define Process Centered
Definition
organized around processes
Term
ERP is built upon _______
Definition
relational databases
Term
ERP is sold in ______ so don't have to implement all at once
Definition
modules
Term
Core ERP Processes
Definition
Manage Capital Projects
Manage Plant maintenance
Manage finance and acct
Manage Human resources
Manage logistics
Plan and manufacture products
procure materials and services
Perform order management
Term
Users of ERP
Definition
End user, internal/external auditor, consultant, employees, developers
Term
People who are end users
Definition
purchasing/shipping
acct/fina
HR
Term
ERP system benefits
Definition
integration
effective business processes
standardization
eliminate info asymmetries
on-line and real time info
intra and inter organzation communication
less reliance on programmers
Term
ERP disadvantages
Definition
standardized way of business levels playing field
lack of employee acceptance
complex solution
costly
Term
Implementation issues
Definition
employee resistance - workarounds, sabotage
technical issues
Term
MRP stands for
Definition
Manufacturing Requirements Planning
Term
MRPII stands for
Definition
Manufacturing Resource Planning
Term
SaaS stands for
Definition
Software as a Service
Term
ERP Tiers
Definition
Tier 1 - Enterprise Space
- SAP for companies over 1000 employees
Tier 2 - Medium size
- few sites 100-999 employees
Tier 3
- small family corporation sales under $40M less than 100 employees
Tier 4
- small companies than can do with quickbooks
Term
1990s 3 tier client server
Definition
client- fat/thin
Application
Database
Term
ERP software the ______ can take form of a ________
Definition
GUI, dashboard
Term
Back office software used by
Definition
HR, financials, operations
Term
Front office used by
Definition
customers, supplies, supply chain
Term
bolt ons
Definition
integrate more functionality to Core ERP
Term
one to one relationship
Definition
primary key of one table associated with only one record in another table
Term
one to many
Definition
primary key of one table assoc with more than one record in another table
Term
many to many
Definition
primary key in one table is assoc with more than one record in second table and primary key second table is assoc with more than one record in first table
Term
Define query
Definition
question asked of the database
Term
SQL
Definition
structured query language
Term
simple query
Definition
returns a response without changing the database
Term
update query
Definition
changes records in database
Term
configure ERP
Definition
"setting switches" during implementation
Vanilla is defualts
Term
customization is changing code
Definition
very expensive and time consuming, only should do this if you need competitive advantage
Term
Business process engineering concept coined by
Definition
Michael Hammer - Reengineering the Corp
Term
business process reengineering is the
Definition
fundamental, radical, redesign in business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in cost, quality, speed, and service
Term
Focus of BRP is not ____ is done, but ____ it is done
Definition
how a process, why
Term
Benefits of ERP
Definition
cost reductions, improved customer satisfaction, improved agility, increase profits
Term
Risks of ERP
Definition
resistance, cost, job losses, tradition, time requirements, lack of management support, risks to managers, restraining
Term
clean slate reeingineering
Definition
process starts clean slate, start from scratch, no limits
Term
tech enabled reengineering
Definition
tech is chosen as a tool to facilitate reengineering
tech drives the reengineer
Term
advantages clean slate
Definition
not constrained by tools, not limited to set of processes, evolution not limited by particular tech, can result in unique processes (competitive advantage), free flow of ideas
Term
disadvantages clean slate
Definition
costly, excess time resources
Term
tech enabled reengineer advantages
Definition
ERP provides tool and structure to make change (leads to less time)

ERP bounds design eliminates difficult decisions

design is feasible (know it works) less risk

implemented in timely manner
Term
tech enabled reengineer disadvantages
Definition
constrained by tech

not unique
Term
business process reengineer principles
Definition
have those who use output of process perform process

empower workers

treat geographic dispersed resources as though centralized

link parallel activities

organize around processes not tasks

self service

put decision point where work is performed and build controls into process

capture info once and at the source
Term
targets for reengineering
Definition
core competency

key performance indicators

high volume, low margin

high defect, high reward

high skill time intensive

high complex, specialized resource activities
Term
Lessons learned through Business Process Reengineer
Definition
low cost labor
scalability
look at other companies for similar solutions
deliver sooner than later
Term
basic purpose of systems documentation
Definition
describe business process, assessing internal control procedures, evaluating designing or changing info systems
Term
Systems diagrams use
Definition
flowcharts
ER diagrams
Other
Term
Define process map
Definition
cross func flowchart, used to document analyze streamline and redesign business activities
Term
_____ business process and clarifying to the _____ process
Definition
as is, to be
Term
Process shape
Definition
square
Term
Decision shape
Definition
diamond
Term
Off page connector
Definition
home plate
Term
Terminate
Definition
pill
Term
On page connector
Definition
circle
Term
Data Store
Definition
rhombus
Term
On page connector does what
Definition
reduce clutter on a page
Term
Off page connector does what
Definition
when process spans multiple pages
Term
Group interview method
Definition
all ppl involved in process interviewed as group
Term
One on one interview
Definition
each person interviewed separately - less effective than group interview
Term
Walkthrough -
Definition
physically reviewing a process in scope
Term
Swim lanes
Definition
horizontal lines that determine roles in the process
Term
trigger event
Definition
event that must occur to get process started
Term
last swim lane reserved for
Definition
info systems that support the process
Term
Handoff define
Definition
transfer responsibility from one role to another
Term
bottlenecks
Definition
number of process flows lead to single activity
Term
rework
Definition
people spending time fixing errors
Term
role ambiguity
Definition
people not knowing what they are responsible for
Term
data duplication
Definition
flows that point to and from info system analyzed to see exent which data and activities shared among processes
Term
cycle time
Definition
time consumed during process flow from start to finish
Term
flow time
Definition
time between activities can be measured to see contributors to delay
Term
non value added steps
Definition
from customer POV focus on roles that add little or no value
Term
reasons to change info systems
Definition
old, high cost, lack of vendor support, lack of compliance, change business model,
Term
ERP lifecycle 4 stages
Definition
planning, package selection, implementation, maintenance
Term
4 types of rationale why need new ERP
Definition
tech - old IS new upgrage
competitive - competition has it,we do to
strategic - drive growth
business process - attain targets
Term
project scope
Definition
project team needs to determine scope so the project doesn't become too big
Term
scope creep
Definition
changes to scope of project
Term
project team members
Definition
process owners, end users, managers, IT, execs
Term
project manager
Definition
understand tech and busines process, see end results and make tough decisions
Term
TCO
Definition
total cost ownership - total costs likely incurred through system life influenced by trans volume, number of users, functionality
Term
named users
Definition
total number of users who will have access to system
Term
site license -
Definition
blanket K cover use of ERP at particular location
Term
concurrent users
Definition
max # of users who would access sys at same time
Term
heavy users
Definition
those who may be charged higher fee than casual users
Term
Ongoing maintenance cost
Definition
20% - 30 % of software license cost per year
Term
market survey
Definition
Package selection websites, mags, trade exhibits,
Term
request for info
Definition
Package selction issue a request for info to vendors
Term
narrow choices
Definition
Package selction project team narrows candiates
Term
site survey
Definition
Package selction invite each vendor to meet with project team
Term
requirement analysis
Definition
Package selction determine all func they need and desire
Term
request for proposal
Definition
Package selction formal document developed by potential buyer, enables to evaluate and compare
Term
Demo days
Definition
Package selction vendor walks the walk and talks the talk
Term
reference visits
Definition
a visit to a "like" customer site
Term
fit-gap analysis
Definition
compare company with the ERP systems under consideration
Term
intstallation
Definition
implementation - changing from one to another while keep problems at minimum
Term
sandbox instance
Definition
config test and develop of customization happens
Term
production instance
Definition
live system
Term
configuration
Definition
implementation - business and setting in ERP system that are changed
Term
customization
Definition
alteration to support business process that may provide competitive advantage
Term
two types of customization
Definition
enhancement - add a field, change look of screen
modification - change to the core code because software doesn't have requirements
Term
disadvantage of customization
Definition
time consuming, difficult to integrate
Term
CRP
Definition
conference room pilot- conference room are temp locations to run system
Term
specific types testing 5
Definition
unit - small transactions
integration - testing end to end
customer acceptance - test sys using real business scenarios
secuirty test - test all user roles and authorizations
perform load test - test business trans volume and user activities
Term
change management
Definition
body on knowledge that has evolved to address change within org
Term
change agent
Definition
ind designated to lead change in org
Term
6 keys to ERP implementations
Definition
1. focus business process
2. relation new business process
3. leverage tolls for ERP training
4. use train the trainer
5. allocate lot time for ERP implementation training
6. org change mgmt activities
Term
phased implementation
Definition
ERP rolled out by functionality, division, geograph
Term
big bang
Definition
all at once
Term
franchising
Definition
ERP installed in each business unit
Term
on demand implementation
Definition
uses SaaS - no software to install on premise
Term
balanced ERP implementation
Definition
coop approach between company and vendor
Term
turnkey implementation
Definition
accelerated solution reducing internal investment
Term
customer driven
Definition
max customer involvement and minimize consultants
Term
a la carte
Definition
customer owns process with consultant as requested
Term
operation and maint begins with
Definition
period of stabilizaition, dip in performance while process fine tuned
Term
maint activities
Definition
prevent maint
emergency maint
software updates
Term
five ways reduce ERP maint and supp cost
Definition
lower soft fees
limit customization
explore 3rd party support and maint
negotiate lower prof serv rates
quantify direct and indirect maint and support costs
Term
attribute
Definition
columns that define the data in a database - customer name - zip
Term
fat client
Definition
PC in a server environment that provides rich func independent of server
Term
EAI & middleware
Definition
software that connects other software together
Term
foreign key
Definition
key that points to a primary key in a different table
Term
front office
Definition
resource system that supports activities that more directly involve customers
Term
many to many
Definition
relationship that describes the inventory ordering process
Term
one to many
Definition
relationship that describes the customer ordering process
Term
three tier architecture
Definition
hardware that includes middle level between user system interface and the database server environment
Term
primary key
Definition
attribute in a table that uniquely identifies the data in a row of a table
Term
vertical solution
Definition
business system targeted for one specific industry
Term
multiple tenacy
Definition
architectural model that allows vendors to serve multiple clients from a single shared instance of application
Term
primary key
Definition
attribute uniquely identifies data in a row of a table
Term
foreign key
Definition
key that points to a primary key in a different table
Term
shared service
Definition
provison of service by one part of an org where service had previously been found in more than one part of the org
Term
KPI
Definition
key performance indicators - compare performance to industry best practices and standards
Term
tech r
Definition
Term
why tech rationale
Definition
we have old tech
Term
why competitive rationale
Definition
the competition has it
Term
why strategic rationale
Definition
drive growth, like cisco, company outgrows system
Term
business process rationale
Definition
improvements too good to pass up
Term
full time equivalents
Definition
multiply % of team members time X length X team headcount, assoc with cost
Term
hidden costs of ERP
Definition
fail, training, customization, data conversion
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