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Mod F, Unit 4, Chapter 9, S&T Study Guide
Mod F, Unit 4, Chapter 9, S&T Study Guide
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Medical
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03/19/2013

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Term
Addison Disease
Definition
Insufficient secretion of adrenal cortisol from the adrenal cortex is manifested by gastric complaints, hypotension, & dehydration.
Term
Aden/o
Definition
Gland
Term
Adenohypophysis
Definition
The anterior pituitary
Term
Adrenal Cortex
Definition
External portion of the adrenal gland.
Term
Adrenal Medulla
Definition
Internal portion of the adrenal gland.
Term
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Definition
AKA ACTH. Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release steroids.
Term
Anorexia
Definition
Lack of appetite.
Term
Antidiuretic Hormone:
Definition
AKA ADH. AKA Vasopressin. Stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb H20 & return it to circulation; is also a vasoconstrictor, resulting in higher blood pressure.
Term
A1c
Definition
Test that measures the average blood glucose during a 3-month time span. Used to monitor response to diabetes treatment. Formerly called HbA1c.
Term
Calc/o
Definition
Calcium
Term
Crin/o
Definition
To secrete
Term
Cushing Disease
Definition
Excessive secretion of cortisol by the adrenal cortex causes symptoms of obesity, leukocytosis, hirsutism, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, & muscle wasting.
Term
Diabetes Insipidus
Definition
Undersecretion of ADGH from the neurohypophsis resulting in polydipsia & polyuria.
Term
Exophthalmia
Definition
Protrusion of eyeballs from their orbits.
Term
Fasting Plasma Glucose
Definition
AKA FBG. After a period of fasting, blood is drawn. The amount of glucose present is used to measure the body’s ability to break down & use glucose. Formerly called fasting blood sugar (FBS).
Term
Gen/o
Definition
Origin
Term
Gigantism
Definition
Hypersecretion of somatotropin from adenohypophsis during childhood, leading to excessive growth.
Term
Glyc/o
Definition
Sugar
Term
Goiter
Definition
Enlargement of the thyroid gland, not due to a tumor.
Term
Growth Hormone Deficiency
Definition
AKA GHD. Somatotropin deficiency due to dysfunction of adenohypophsis during childhood results in dwarfism. If during adulthood, patients may develop obesity, & experience weakness & cardiac difficulties.
Term
Hirsutism
Definition
AKA Hypertrichosis. Abnormal hairiness, especially in women.
Term
Hyperthyroidism
Definition
AKA Thyrotoxicosis. Excessive thyroid hormone production. Most common form is Graves disease, which may be accompanied by exophthalmia.
Term
Hypothyroidism
Definition
Deficient thyroid hormone production. If it occurs during childhood, it causes crenitism, which results in stunted mental & physical growth. The extreme adult form is myxedema, which is characterized by facial & orbital edema.
Term
Hyperparathyroidism
Definition
Overproduction of parathyroid hormone; symptoms include polyuria, hypercalcemia, hypertension, & kidney stones.
Term
Hypoparathyroidism
Definition
Deficient parathyroid hormone production results in tetany, hypocalcemia, irritability, & muscle cramps.
Term
Kal/i
Definition
Potassium.
Term
Insulin
Definition
Secreted by the Beta cells in the pancreas. Decreases the level of glucose in the blood when levels are high.
Term
Islets of Langerhans
Definition
Located in the pancreas. Regulates the level of glucose in the blood.
Term
Lact/o
Definition
Milk
Term
Natr/o
Definition
Sodium
Term
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
Definition
AKA OGTT. Blood test to measure the body’s response to a concentrated glucose solution. May be used to diagnose diabetes mellitus.
Term
Panhypopituitarism:
Definition
AKA Simmonds Disease. Deficiency or lack of all pituitary hormones causing hypotension, weight loss, weakness, & loss of libido.
Term
Parasthesia
Definition
Abnormal sensation; such as prickling.
Term
Poly-
Definition
Many
Term
Polydipsia:
Definition
Condition of excessive thirst.
Term
Polyphagia
Definition
Condition of excessive appetite.
Term
Polyuria
Definition
Condition of excessive urination.
Term
Prolactin
Definition
AKA PRL. AKA Lactogenic Hormone. Stimulates milk production in the breast.
Term
Tetany
Definition
Continuous muscle spasms.
Term
Thyrotropin
Definition
: AKA Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH). Stimulates thyroid to release 2 other thyroid hormones.
Term
Trop/o:
Definition
To turn.
Term
Urine Glucose
Definition
test used to screen for or monitor diabetes mellitus; a urine specimen is tested for the presence of glucose.
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