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MOB Chapter 16 Questions
MOB Test 3 Review
27
Business
Undergraduate 3
11/14/2007

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Term
Motivation
Definition
The processes that account for an individual's willingness to exert high levels of effort to reach organizational goals, conditioned by the effort's ability to satisfy some individual need
Term
Need
Definition
An internal state that makes certain outcomes appear attractive
Term
Three-Needs Theory
Definition
Theory that says three acquied (not innate) needs-achievement, power, and affiliation-are major motives in work
-nAch is most researched
Term
Goal-Setting Theory
Definition
The proposition that specific goals increase performance and that difficult goals, when accepted, result in highre preformance than do easy goals
Term
What type of goals produce a higher level of of output?
Definition
Specific hard goals
Term
Self-efficacy
Definition
An individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task
Term
Reinforcement theory
Definition
Theory that behavior is a function of its consequences
Term
Reinforcers
Definition
Any consequence immediately following a response that increases the probability that the behavior will be repeated
Term
Job design
Definition
The way tasks are combined to form complete jobs
Term
Job scope
Definition
The number of different tasks required in a job and the frequency with which those tasks are repeated
Term
Job enlargement
Definition
The horizontal expansion of a job by increasing job scope
Term
Job enrichment
Definition
The vertical expansion of a job by adding planning and evaluating responsibilities
Term
Job depth
Definition
The degree of control employees have over their work
Term
Job characteristics model
Definition
A framework for analyzing and designing jobs that identifies five primary job characteristics, their interraltionships, and their impact on outcomes
Term
Skill variety
Definition
The degree to which a job requires a variety of activities so that an employee can use a number of different skills and talents
Term
Task identity
Definition
The degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work
Term
Task significance
Definition
The degree to which a job has a substantial impact on the lives or work of other people
Term
Autonomy
Definition
The degree to whicha job provides substantial freedom, independence, and discretion to the individual in scheduling work and determining the procedures to be used in carrying it out
Term
Feedback
Definition
The degree to which carrying out work activities required by a job results in the individual's obtaining direct and clear information about his or her performance effectiveness
Term
Guidelines for Job redesign in JCM
Definition
1. Combine tasks
2. Create natural work units
3. Establish client relationships
4. Expand jobs vertically
5. Open feedback channels
Term
Equity theory
Definition
The theory that an employee compares his or her job's input-outcomes ratio with that of relevant others and then corrects any inequity
Term
Types of Justice
Definition
1. Distributive Justice: Perceived fairness of the amount and allocation of rewards among individuals
2. Procedural justice: Perceived fairness of the process used to determine the distribution of rewards
Term
Expectancy Theory
Definition
The theory that an individual tends to act in a certain way based on the expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individual
Term
Variables on relationships in Expectancy Theory
Definition
1. Expectancy or effort-performance linkage
2. Instrumentality or performance-reward linkage
3. Valence or attractiveness of reward
Term
Expectancy or effort-performance linkage
Definition
The probability perceived by the individual that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to a certain level of performance
Term
Instrumentality or performance-reward linkage
Definition
The degree to which the individual believes that performing at a particular level is instrumental in attaining the desired outcome
Term
Valence or attractiveness of reward
Definition
The importance that the individual places on the potential outcome or reward that can be achieved o nthe job. Valence considers both the goals and needs of the individual
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