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MNT II Quiz 2
n/a
117
Medical
Undergraduate 4
04/03/2011

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Term
pericardium
Definition
a sac made up of a double membrane that encloses the heart
Term
visceral pericardium/epicardium
Definition
inner-most layer of the pericardium
Term
endocardium
Definition
forms the lining inside the heart
Term
myocardium
Definition
heart muscle
Term
coronary
Definition
encircling
Term
angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o
Definition
vessel
Term
aort/o
Definition
aorta
Term
arter/o, arteri/o
Definition
artery
Term
arteriol/o
Definition
arteriole
Term
ather/o
Definition
yellow fatty plaque
Term
phleb/o, ven/o
Definition
vein
Term
venul/o
Definition
venule
Term
cardiomyopathy
Definition
a general diagnostic term that designates primary disease of the heart muscle itself
Term
myocarditis
Definition
inflammation of the heart muscle
Term
endocarditis
Definition
caused by infective microorganisms that invade the endocardium (valves of the heart affected by this)
Term
pericarditis
Definition
inflammation of the pericardium; caused by infectious microorganisms, by a cancerous growth, or by other problems
Term
angina pectoris
Definition
severe chest pain and constriction about the heart caused by an insufficient supply of blood to the heart itself
Term
arrhythmia
Definition
irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat; dysrhythmia is more technically correct
Term
cardiomegaly
Definition
enlarged size heart
Term
congenital heart defects
Definition
abnormalities present in the heart at birth; involve the spectum, a partition that divides the right and left chambers of the heart (abnormal openings between)
Term
akinesia
Definition
complete or partial loss of muscle movement
Term
anesthesia
Definition
partial or complete loss of sensation with or without loss of consciousness; results from disease, injury, or administration of an anesthetic
Term
aphagia
Definition
inability or refusal to swallow; characterized by abstention from eating because swallowing is painful
Term
aphasia
Definition
absence or impairment of the ability to communicate through speech, writing, or signs; it results from a brain dysfunction
Term
astigmatism
Definition
uneven curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye that prevents the sharp focus of an image on the retina
Term
bradykinesia
Definition
abnormal slowness of movement or sluggishness of mental and physical processes
Term
cephalagia
Definition
headache
Term
cerebral concussion
Definition
loss of consciousness, either temporary or prolonged, as a result of a blow to the head
Term
cerebral contusion
Definition
bruising of brain tissue as a result of head injury
Term
cerebral hemorrhage
Definition
the result of the rupture of a sclerosed or diseased blood vessel in the brain
Term
cerebral palsy
Definition
a brain disorder characterized by paralysis and lack of muscle coordination; it results from developmental defects in the brain or trauma at birth
Term
coma
Definition
a state of unconsciousness from which the patient can't be aroused, even by powerful stimulation
Term
craniocele
Definition
protrusion of the brain through a defect in the skull
Term
diplegia
Definition
paralysis affecting like parts on both sides of the body
Term
diplopia
Definition
double vision, the perception of two images of a single object
Term
dyslexia
Definition
inability to read, spell, and write words despite the ability to see and recognize letters
Term
dysphagia
Definition
speech impairment caused by a lesion in the brain; characterized by lack of coordination and failure to arrange words properly
Term
electromyography
Definition
the preparation, study, and interpretation of an electromyogram, a graphic record of the contraction of a muscle as a result of electrical stimulation
Term
encephalitis
Definition
inflammation of the brain
Term
encephalocele
Definition
hernial protrusion of brain substance through a congenital or traumatic opening of the skull; craniocele
Term
encephalomalacia
Definition
softening of the brain
Term
encephalomeningitis
Definition
inflammation of the brain and meninges
Term
encephalopathy
Definition
any disease of the brain
Term
epilepsy
Definition
a group of neruologic disorders characterized by recurrent episodes of convulsive seizures, sensory disturbances, loss of consciousness, or all of these; an uncontrolled electrical discharge from the nerve cells of the cerebral cortex is common to all types of epilepsy
Term
glaucoma
Definition
an abnormal condition of increased pressure within the eye
Term
hemiplegia
Definition
paralysis of one side of the body
Term
hyperkinesia
Definition
abnormally increased activity or motor function
Term
hyperopia
Definition
farsightedness, an error of refraction in which the rays of light entering the eye are brought to a focus behind the retina
Term
meningitis
Definition
inflammation of the meninges
Term
meningocele
Definition
herniation of the meninges through a defect in the skull or vertebral column
Term
multiple sclerosis
Definition
a chronic disease of the central nervous system in which there is progressive destruction of the myeline sheaths of the neurons - resulting scar tissue interferes w/the normal transmission of the nerve impulse
Term
myasthenia gravis
Definition
a disease characterized by muscle weakness and abnormal fatigue
Term
myelitis
Definition
inflammation of the bone marrow or spinal cord
Term
meylography
Definition
radiographic examination of the spinal cord by injection of a radiopaque medium
Term
myopia
Definition
nearsightedness, a defect in vision in which the rays of light entering the eye are brought to a focus in front of the retina
Term
narcolepsy
Definition
a chronic ailment involving sudden attacks of sleep that occur at intervals
Term
neuralgia
Definition
pain along the course of a nerve
Term
neuritis
Definition
inflammation of a nerve
Term
neuropathy
Definition
any disease of the nerves
Term
paraplegia
Definition
paralysis of the legs and lower part of the body
Term
Parkinson's Disease
Definition
a chronic nervous disease characterized by a fine, slowly spreading tremor, muscular weakness, rigidity, and often a peculiar gate
Term
quadriplegia
Definition
paralysis of all four extremities
Term
retinal detachment
Definition
a seperation of the retina from the back of the eye, usually resulting from a hole or tear in the retina
Term
retinopathy
Definition
any disease of the retina
Term
shingles
Definition
an acute, infectious eruption of vesicles, usually on the trunk of the body along a peripheral nerve
Term
later/o
Definition
side
Term
medi/o
Definition
middle
Term
aut/o
Definition
self
Term
cerebell/o
Definition
cerebellum
Term
cerebr/o, encephal/o
Definition
brain
Term
cervic/o
Definition
neck
Term
coccyg/o
Definition
coccyx (tailbone)
Term
crani/o
Definition
cranium (skull)
Term
dendr/o
Definition
tree
Term
dur/o
Definition
dura matter
Term
gli/o
Definition
neuroglia or a sticky substance
Term
kerat/o
Definition
cornea, hard or horny
Term
lumb/o
Definition
lower back
Term
mening/o
Definition
meninges
Term
ment/o, psych/o
Definition
mind
Term
myel/o
Definition
bone marrow or spinal cord
Term
nerv/o, neur/o
Definition
nerve
Term
phren/o
Definition
mind or diaphragm
Term
physi/o
Definition
nature
Term
sacr/o
Definition
sacrum
Term
retin/o
Definition
retina
Term
spin/o
Definition
spine
Term
vascul/o
Definition
vessel
Term
agora-
Definition
marketplace
Term
-asthenia
Definition
weakness
Term
-esthesia
Definition
sensation, perception
Term
-lexia
Definition
words, phrases
Term
-orexia
Definition
appetite
Term
congestive heart failure (CHF)
Definition
a condition characterized by weakness, breathlessness, and edema in lower portions of the body; the work demanded of the heart is greater than its ability to perform; also called congestive heart disease
Term
coronary artery disease (CAD)
Definition
an abnormal condition that affects the heart's arteries and produces vaious pathologic effects, especially the reduced flow of blood to the myocardium
Term
coronary heart disease (CHD)
Definition
heart damage resulting from insufficient oxygen caused by pathologic changes in the coronary arteries
Term
fibrillation
Definition
a severe cardiac arrhythmia in which contractions are too rapid and uncoordinated for effective blood circulation; reversed by the use of a defibrillator
Term
defibrillator
Definition
an electronic apparatus that delivers a shock to the heart, often through the placement of electrodes on the chest
Term
defibrillation
Definition
may also be used to slow the heart or restore its normal rhythm
Term
heart failure
Definition
a clinical condition resulting from failure of the heart to pump the blood effectively and to maintain adquate circulation of the blood
Term
heart murmur
Definition
a soft blowing or rasping sound that may be heard when listening to the heart with a stethoscope; not necessarily pathologic
Term
hyperlipidemia
Definition
excessive lipids (fats) in the blood; an elevated blood level of one type of lipid, cholesterol, is associated with an increased risk of developing coronary heart disease in most individuals
Term
hypertension
Definition
elevated blood pressure; usually the first number is consistently about 140 or the second number is consistently about 100
Term
hypotension
Definition
low blood pressure; BP of 95/60 but each person's reading must be interpreted individually
Term
infarction
Definition
necrosis of a localized area of tissue caused by lack of blood supply to that area; death of tissue; can result from occlusion or stenosis of the artery
Term
myocardial ischemia
Definition
deficiency of blood supply to the myocardium
Term
shock
Definition
a serious condition in which blood flow to the heart is reduced to such an extent that body tissues do not receive enough blood; can result in death; various causes including hemorrhage, infection, drug reaction, injury, poisoning, MI and excessive emotional stress
Term
arteriosclerosis
Definition
hardening of the arteries
Term
aortitis
Definition
inflammation of the aorta
Term
cerebrovascular accident
Definition
stroke or stroke syndrome
Term
thrombophlebitis
Definition
inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot
Term
polyarteritis
Definition
a disease that involves inflammation of many arteries
Term
adenoid/o
Definition
adenoids
Term
home/o
Definition
sameness
Term
lymphat/o
Definition
lymphatics
Term
splen/o
Definition
spleen
Term
thromb/o
Definition
thrombus, blood clot
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