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MMBIO 240 CH 8 EVANS
Chapter 8
24
Microbiology
Undergraduate 1
02/09/2011

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Term
Viruses can only naturally replicated where?
Definition
Inside a host cell, and they depend on the host for many or most of the machinery required for replications
Term
Describe the genetic information of a Virus.
Definition
They can be either DNA or RNA that is single- or double stranded, linear or circular.
Term
Bacteriophages are what
Definition
bacterial viruses.
Term
Bacteriophages have three life cycles, what are they?
Definition
Lytic, Lysogenic, and Chronic
Term
The Lytic cycle results in what
Definition
lysis of the host cell to release the progeny phages
Term
The lysogenic cycle results in what?
Definition
The phage DNA integrates into the host chromosome as a prophage that is replicated along with the host DNA
Term
The Chronic cycle results in what?
Definition
Phages are released continuously without killing or lysing the cell.
Term
True or False. Bacteriophages have an unlimited host range due to restriction modification systems in bacteria.
Definition
False. Bacteriophages have a limited host range due to restriction modification systems in bacteria
Term
Temperate phages can go through which cycles?
Definition
Lytic and lysogenic
Term
Phage____ can be used as a cloning vector.
Definition
lambda
Term
Retroviruses have an ____ genome.
Definition
RNA
Term
Retroviruses use ______ to make a DNA copy of the RNA genome
Definition
reverse transcriptase.
Term
bacteriophage
Definition
bacteria for viruses
Term
capsid
Definition
is the protein shell of a virus. It encloses the genetic material of the virus.
Term
host modification
Definition
This is a phenomenon in which a bacterium of type x is able to distinguish a phage that has been grown in type x bacterium from one grown in a different type such as Y and is able to prevent the phage grown in Y from carrying out a successful infection
Term
host restriction
Definition
This is a phenomenon in which a bacterium of type x is able to distinguish a phage that has been grown in type x bacterium from one grown in a different type such as Y and is able to prevent the phage grown in Y from carrying out a successful infection
Term
lysis
Definition
refers to the breaking down of a cell, often by viral, enzymic or osmotic mechanisms that compromise its integrity.
Term
lysogenic cycle
Definition
is characterized by integration of the bacteriophage nucleic acid into the host bacterium's genome. The integrated genetic material called a prophage can be transmitted to daughter cells at each subsequent cell division.
Term
phage
Definition
same as bacteriophage
Term
phage lysate
Definition
a fluid containing the contents of lysed cells
Term
plaque assay
Definition
a monolayer of host cells is infected with the virus at varying dilutions and covered with a semi solid medium such as agar, to prevent it from spreading indiscriminately. It forms little colonies that can be seen visually.
Term
retrovirus
Definition
is an RNA virus that is replicated in host cell via reverse transcriptase to produce DNA from its RNA genome.
Term
reverse transcriptase
Definition
is a DNA polymerase enzyme that transcribes single stranded RNA into double stranded DNA.
Term
virus
Definition
is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms.
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