Shared Flashcard Set

Details

MIST 2090
Chapters 5 & 6
66
Management
Undergraduate 2
04/30/2008

Additional Management Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Computer Hierarchy
Definition

A common categorization scheme for processors used in IS that categorizes processors according to their power 

Term
Embedded Processors
Definition

programmable chips that are built into products to make them "smart"

 

like other processors, updating their operating system and application software is easy.

 

unlike other processors, however, businesses may design and make embedded processors to order.  

Term

digital signal processors

 

DSPs 

Definition

 special microprocessors that include more math-related functions in their instruction set than the typical processor

 

can also process snals in real time

 

perfect for applications that cannot tolerate any delays, such as cell phones 

Term
Super Computer
Definition

Relative Processing Power: Largest & Fastest

 

Purpose: Performs extremely processor intensive computations using parallel processing.

 

Example: Volvo Var Corporation uses these for vehicle crash-test simulations 

Term
Mainframe
Definition

Relative Processing Power: Large

 

Purpose: Carries out many of the organizational processing needs using high-speed processing chips and large amounts of memory.

 

Example: Saks Inc. uses this to support e-procurement 

Term
Server Farms
Definition

Relative Processing Power: Medium/Many

 

Purpose: Allow multiple servers to handle network processing activities.

 

Example: Google relies on it 

Term

Personal Computer

 

(PC) 

Definition

Relative Processing Power: Small to Medium

 

Purpose: Enables users to carry out processing tasks needed to perform their job; usually networked together

 

 

Term

Personal Digital Assistant

 

(PDA) 

Definition

Relative Processing Power: Very Small

 

Purpose: Provides users with portable computing power; often used to communicate with PC or other users 

Term
Embedded Processors
Definition

Relative Processing Power: Extremely Small

 

Purpose: Embedded in appliances and products to provide a low-scale processing and/identification

 

Example: Procter & Gamble incorporates these into packaging to monitor expiration dates 

Term

Supercomputer

Mainframe

Server Farms

Personal Computer (PC)

Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)

Embedded Processors

Definition
In what order to the computer hierarchy go in?

 

Term
Intranet
Definition

Software Perspective: This is a set of services for distributing private information throughout an organization.

 

Hardware Perspective: A collection of private computer networks brought togeter to form an organization-wide, private network 

Term

Personal Area Network

(PAN)

 

-private- 

Definition

Size: Covers a very small space that ranges from the size of a human body to a small office

 

Purpose: Communication among computer devices in close proximity

 

Examples: Allows your MP3 player to connect to a wireless headset, PDA to "sync" with your PC, and your car to respond to commands from a Bluetooth-Enabled cell phone.

Term

Local Area Network

(LAN)

 

-private- 

Definition

Size: Within the immediate location or building

 

Purpose: Shares files, resources, servers, and other hardware among the members of an organization

 

Examples: University computing labs, small office/household networks, wireless "hotspots" 

Term

Metropolitan Area Network

 (MAN)

 

-private/public- 

Definition

Size: Ranges in size from a few blocks to an entire urban area

 

Purpose: Provides data and voice transmission typically at high speeds (~100 Mbps)

 

Examples: Many city libraries use this to support centralized cataloging and searching of resources 

Term

Wide Area Network

 (WAN)

 

-private/public- 

Definition

Size: Over a large geographical area

 

Purpose: Shares data, information, and resources among units of an organization distant from one another

 

Examples: A Corporation may use this to link national and international locations 

Term

Internet

 

-public- 

Definition

Size: Worldwide

 

Purpose: Shares data and information with all stakeholders in the organization, as well as with the general public

 

 

Term

PAN

LAN

MAN

WAN

INTERNET 

Definition
List the organizational networks in order from smallest to largest
Term

LAN

to

WAN 

Definition
The intranet forms an organization-wide, private network ranging in size from ____ to ____
Term

TCP/IP 

HTTP

Definition
Intranets transmit data according to what protocols of the internet?
Term
Platform Independence
Definition

Employees can access intranet using a Macintosh, Windows, or any other PC platform.

 

This is known as ________ which is usually not the case with traditional LANs and WANs. 

Term
Operating Systems Software
Definition

Name the Type of Software

 

Individual Use: To manage a single computer

 

Organizational Use: To manage a mainframe with many users or a server farm

Term
Application Software
Definition

Name the Type of Software

 

Individual Use: Personal productivity software, such as word processing or spreadsheets

 

Organizational Use: Transaction processing, decision support, and organizational productivity software

 

 

Term
Collaboration Software
Definition

Name the Type of Software

 

Individual Use: To support communication between individuals, such as through e-mail or instant messaging

 

Organizational Use: To enable members of the organization to share collaboration work electronically in a central repository  

Term

Database Management System

(DBMS) 

Definition
A collection of software that allows users to create and work with a database
Term
Expert System
Definition
Used to capture and store the knowledge of a human expert so that the organization can permanently store and share it
Term

Collaborative Software

 

AKA Groupware 

Definition

Supports teamwork with technologies that enable communications and sharing of data and information

 

Can be as simple communication tool such as e-mail 

Term

Communication tools

 

Conferencing tools

 

Collaborative Management tools 

Definition
What are the 3 levels of groupware?
Term

Communication Tool

 

 

Definition

Name the Type of Groupware

 

(Groupware AKA Collabrative Software)

 

 

These tools facilitate the sharing of information and data with tools that enable them to send messages, documents, files, and data between each other

 

Examples: E-mail, Text Messaging, Voice Mail, and Web Publishing

 

Term
Conferencing Tools
Definition

Name the Type of Groupware

 

(Groupware AKA Collabrative Software)

 

Provides a more interactive facility for the sharing of information. At a minimum this tool can provide real-time text discussions and a common "whiteboard" that each participant can edit

 

Can also enable voice and/or video using special equipment or over computer networks

 

Some organizations build special facilities for the activity that these tools support

Term
Collaborative Management Tools
Definition

Name the Type of Groupware

 

(Groupware AKA Collabrative Software)

 

 

Can help manage and facilitate the activites of a team. They include electronic calendars for scheduling events and automatically notifying participants.

 

Shared workspaces can be provided in which to store and share work products that group members may modify.

 

May overlap with project management systems to keep the group aware of a project's status. 

Term

Enterprise Resource Planning Software

(ERP) 

Definition

Another way to integrate the departments and functions across the organization

 

With ________ a company runs all of its applications from a single database.  Each functional unit of the company still uses it's own software applications, but this software links these applications, and ensures their compatibility, via common data storage.

Term

Transaction Processing Systems

 (TPS)

Definition
Enables transaction activities and captures the key data created by the transaction.
Term

Atomicity

 

Consistency

 

Isolation

 

Durability 

Definition

Characteristics known as ACID allow organizations to create systems that can handle large numbers of simultaneous transactions.

 

What does ACID stand for? 

Term
Atomicity
Definition
_________- A transaction must be unequivocally completed. If an error causes the transaction to fail, then the entire transaction to that point should be undone, and the data reset at its previous state
Term
Consistency
Definition
_______- All unchanging properties of data must be preserved. This means that the data captured by the transaction must fit within the rules of data storage
Term
Isolation
Definition
_______- Each transaction should execute independently of other transactions that may occur at the same time on the system
Term
Durability
Definition
_______- The effects of a completed transaction should be permanent
Term

Functional Information Systems

 (FIS)

Definition

IS that focuses on the activities of the functional department to improve its efficiency and effectiveness.

 

Common Types Include: Accounting IS, Marketing IS, Human Resource IS, Financial IS, and Manufacturing IS 

Term

Workflow Management System

(WMS)

 

AKA

 

Business Process Management

(BPM) 

Definition
This IS typically provides tools for modeling the steps of the process. It focuses on a business process from beginning to end and represents the steps, organizational resources, input and output data, and tools needed to complete a business process.
Term

Data Sourcing

Data Analysis

Situation Awareness

Risk Assessment

Decision Support 

Definition
The 5 stages of Business Intelligence
Term

Decision Support Systems

(DSS) 

Definition
helps businesses use communications technologies, data organization and access, knowledge, and models to perform decision-making activities
Term

Communication-Driven DSS

 

Data-Driven DSS

 

Document-Driven DSS

 

Knowledge-Driven DSS

 

Model-Driven DSS 

Definition
5 Types of DSS
Term

Acquisition

Leasing

Building 

Definition
3 Options for obtaining an IS
Term

Acquisition of IS

 

(Acquiring) 

Definition
When _____ an existing information system, an organization may still need to make adjustements.
Term

Building of IS

 

(Building) 

Definition
_________ an IS ensures the best matching of an IS with an organization's requirements, and is also the best option for obtaining a competitive advantage
Term
Leasing of an IS
Definition
________ an IS lowers costs, time, and makes the vendor responsible for maintenance and updates of the system
Term
Acquisition
Definition

Name the Development Choice (IS)

 

Advantages: Generally faster and less costly than building entire system from scratch

 

Disadvantages: Little or no competitive advantage. May need to compromise on some features. Dependent on vendor for product updates

 

Term
Leasing
Definition

Name the Development Choice (IS)

 

Advantages: Lowest cost and fastest to put in place.  Vendors are in charge of maintenance and updates. Doesn't require in-house IS staff

 

Disadvantages: No competitive advantage. No control over systems features. Dependence on vendor for entire system. Can get locked into undesirable contract 

Term
Building
Definition

Name the Development Choice (IS)

 

 

Advantages: Most likely to provide a competitive advantage. Retain complete control over system. Customization of system

 

Disadvantages: Longest time and cost to put in place. Requires IS staff with time and development knowledge 

Term
In-House Development
Definition
When a firm uses it's own staff to build an entirely new system
Term
Outsourcing
Definition
When a firm hires another company to develop an entirely new system
Term
Offshoring
Definition
When a company hires another company to develop an entirely new system, and that company is primarily located in a foreign country
Term
In-House Development
Definition

Who developed this system? 

 

Advantages: Firm retains complete control of  the project. Process builds internal knowledge through learning and experience

 

Disadvantages: Generally higher development time and costs. Distraction and involvement with other duties 

Term
Outsourcing
Definition

Who developed this system?

 

Advantages: High level of skill and expertise.  Generally lower time and cost.

 

Disadvantages: Firm loses some control. Firm loses opportunity to build experience. Requires good contracts and oversight

Term
Project Strategy
Definition
Ability to ensure that the project goals correspond to the organization's business objectives. Needs to consider the strengths and weaknesses of both the business and the teams, identify opportunities and threats both internal and extrenal to the organization, understand the financial aspects of the project such as budget and the project's return on investment, and manage risks and planning needs
Term
Project Management
Definition
Knowledge of methods and techniques to ensure delivery of the project on time and on budget, and ability to communicate project goals and requirements to the project team
Term
Account Management
Definition
Typically, this group is part of the development team when the project team works as an outsources. This team is responsible for the sales and service of the project team. They provide the initial point of contact to the client as well as daily communication with the client.
Term
Architecture and Design
Definition
People who work in this group must provide a well-designed user interface. Many user interfaces include multimedia components that require special skills in the areas of art and design.
Term
Programming
Definition
This group creates the technical infrastructure of the system which can include the design and construction of the data architecture. It also includes the analysis and design of any software needed by the system
Term
Specialists
Definition
This group handles unique aspects of the project
Term
The Waterfall Model
Definition

The first cycle model to gain wide acceptance among system developers

 

A new phase begins only after acceptably completing the preceding phase

 

If developers discover mistakes or other problems, they then cycle back, if possible, to a prior phase

 

If things are done right in each phase, there will be little or no need to move back to a previous phase 

 

It is a document-driven process 

Term
Project Scope Management
Definition

Part of the Project Management Pyramid

 

Identifying and Managing all the tasks required to complete a project 

Term
Time Management
Definition

Part of the Project Management Pyramid

 

Estimating the duration of the project, developing an acceptable schedule, and managing the project to ensure timely completion 

Term
Cost Management
Definition

Part of the Project Management Pyramid

 

Preparing a budget and managing the costs of the project to stay within budget 

Term
Quality Management
Definition

Part of the Project Management Pyramid

 

Ensuring that the finished project satsfies its defined goals 

Term

Project Scope Management

 

Time Management

 

Cost Management

 

Quality Management 

Definition

Parts of the Project Management Pyramid

 

4 Parts 

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