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Misc and Diabetes
Quiz 4
46
Pharmacology
Graduate
07/24/2010

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Term
Benadryl (Diphenhydramine)
Definition
Used for Sleep, allergies, Parkinsonism, Drug induced EPS, motion sickness and Anti-tussive.
Anticholinergic side effects
Term
Claritan (Loradadine)
Definition
Long acting, Non Sedating antihistamine
No Anticholinergic activity
Preferred for elderly
Term
Phenergan (Promethazine)
Definition
Contraindicated in Parkinson's patients
Anticholinergic effects
Indications: motion sickness, anti-emetic
Boxed Warning: Fatal respiratory depression in peds <2
Term
Allegra (Fexofenadine)
Definition
Non-sedating H1 blocker
Can be used BID
Term
Atarax and Vistaril (Hydroxyzine)
Definition
Atarax = Derm
Vistaril = psychs
Sedating and anticholinergic
Term
Zyrtec (Ceterizine)
Definition
Active metabolite of Hydroxyzine
Pregnancy Category B
Term
Xyzal (Levocetirizine)
Definition
QD
active isomer of cetirizine
Term
Periactin (Cyproheptadine)
Definition
5HT antagonist
Counsel: Drowsiness
Uses: Appetite stimulant, urticaria, anorgasmia (from SSRIs)
Term
Tessalon (Benzonatate)
Definition
Suppresses cough, anesthetizes stretch/cough receptors
May suppress cough reflex
Do not chew or dissolve: anesthesia of the mouth = choking
Term
Tussionex (Hydrocodone + Chlorpheniramine)
Definition
Extended release
Relief of cough and Upper Respiratory Sx
C-III Narcotic
Shake well
Term
Hycodan (Hydrocodone + Homatropine)
Definition
Ingredient used to discourage deliberate overdose
Anti-tussive
Take with lots of water
C-III
Term
Sudafed (Pseudoephedrine)
Definition
Orally taken nasal decongestant
Caution: BPH, DM
Abuse: Conversion to meth
Term
Xenical (Orlistat) or Alli
Definition
Decreases absorption of dietary fat
Caution: Take fat soluble vitamens at bedtime
Caution: Gas and fecal incontinence
Term
meridia (Sibutramine), Adipex-P (Pentermine)
Definition
C-IV for weight loss
Term
Triptans
Definition
For immediate Migraine Relief
Term
Imitrex (Sumatriptan)
Definition
Most common triptan for migraine relief
Watch for chest pain
Term
Frova (Frovatriptan)
Definition
Long duration, slow onset
Take in morning for Migraines that come later in the day
Term
Treximet
Definition
For acute treatment of migraines, not prophylactic therapy.
Not more than 2 in 24 hours
Term
Midrin
Definition
Sympathomimetic for migraines
Mild sedative
CI: Glaucoma, renal dz, HTN, or pts on MAOIs
C-IV controlled drug
Term
Hibiclens
Definition
Topical product for skin wound and general skin cleansing
Term
Hibistat
Definition
Topical product for hand hygiene on physically clean hands
Term
Peridex
Definition
Mouth wash. Do not swallow or rinse
Metallic taste
May discolor teeth
Term
Cortisporin
Definition
Indicated for Tx of superficial bacterial infections of the external auditory canal
Shake well
Do not use in Eye
Term
Silvadene Cream (Silver Sulfadiazine)
Definition
adjunct for prevention and treatment of sepsis in 2nd and 3rd degree burns
Warning: Sulfa allergies
AE: skin necrosis or discoloration
Term
Bactroban (Muprocin)
Definition
Indication: Impetigo or nasal colonization with MRSA
Term
Lotrisone (Bethamethazone Dipropionate + Clotrimazole)
Definition
Antifungal, BID
Caution: Use sparingly (dots)
Term
Chantix (Varenicline)
Definition
Aid for smoking cessation
Warning: Vivid dreams and suicidal thoughts
Term
Zyban (Bupropion)
Definition
Aid to smoking cessation
Warning: Seizures
Duplication interaction: Wellbutrin
Term
Glyburide (Diabeta, Micronase)
Definition
Sulfonylurea
May be used with metformin
May produce Hypoglycemia
Eat scheduled meals and snacks
Avoid in renally impaired
Term
Glipizide (Glucotrol)
Definition
Sulfonylurea
take 30 min. before food
Shorter acting
Term
Glimepiride (Amaryl)
Definition
Sulfonylurea- indicated for use with insulin
May increase potential for hypoglycemia
Long acting-QD dosing (24h)
Term
Chlorpropamide (Diabinese)
Definition
1st generation Sulfonylurea
No alcohol
May cause SIADH
Longest acting Sulfonylurea
Term
Metformin (Glucophage)
Definition
Decreases heptic glucose production
AE: Diarrhea
Warning: Renal function- watch for lactic acidosis
Therapy in PCOS
CI: Renal limpairment
Caution: CHF, Hypoxia, Elderly
Term
Rosiglitazone (Avandia), Pioglitazone (Actos)
Definition
TZDs
Increase insulin sensitivity in target cells
Synergistic effect with sulfonylureas
Baseline LFTs
Warning: Edema, fluid retention, cardiac risks
Term
Acarbose (Precose)
Definition
Delays digestion of Carbs
Smaller rise in blood glucose following meals
Counsel: gas/pain/diarrhea
Monitor LFTs
Take with first bite of main meals
Prevents breakdown of table surgar
Hypoglycemia-treat with glucose
Starch blocker
Term
Repaglinide (Prandin), Nateglinide (Starlix)
Definition
Stimulate insulin release
Caution CYP-450 inducers and inhibitors
Term
Insulin
Definition
Roll in hands if cloudy
Rotate injection sites
Term
Symlin (Pramlintide)
Definition
Modulates gastric emptying
DM 1 and 2
Prevents post-prandial rise in glucagon
SQ immeidately prior to meals
Warning: Risk of insulin induced hypoglycemia
CI: Gastroparesis
Helps insulin work better
Decrease insulin dose by 50%
Term
Byetta (Exenatide)
Definition
Slows gastric emptying
Incretin Mimetic
NOT FOR TYPE I
Warning: Pancreatitis
Term
Januvia (Sitagliptin)
Definition
Prevents degradation of incretin hormones
Increases post prandial levels of incretin hormones
Promotes satiety
Term
Janumet (Sitagliptin + Metformin)
Definition
Type 2 diabetes
Adjunct to diet and exercise
Incretin enhancer
Term
Onglyza (Saxagliptin)
Definition
Similar to Januvia
QD dosing
Caution: CYP 450 inhibitors
Term
Welchol (Cholesevelam)
Definition
Bile acid sequesterant
For hyperlipidemia
For DM 2 as adjunct to diet and exercise
Take with lots of water
Term
Humalog/Novolog
Definition
Rapid acting insulin
No meal, no insulin
Term
Lantus/Levemir
Definition
Long-acting insulin
Do not skip breakfast
Term
NPH
Definition
Intermediate acting Insulin
Cloudy
CI: Fish/iodine allergy
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