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MIS Chapter 11
Chapter 11 Terms
47
Business
Graduate
05/04/2016

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Term
A/B testing
Definition
Site developers build two functionally identical pages. Users are randomly directed to one of the pages and conversion rates for each page are compared to determine the advantages of different features on the pages.
Term
Analysis
Definition
Methodically breaking a thing down to examine its details in order to discover or reveal its essential features.
Term
Assessment
Definition
The process of gaining information about current business conditions.
Term
Auditing process
Definition
The official, unbiased examination of an organization’s financial accounts.
Term
Big Data
Definition
Data collections that are characterized by huge volume, rapid velocity, and great variety.
Term
Business Intelligence
Definition
A process of acquiring, analyzing, and publishing data with an objective of discovering or revealing patterns in data that will inform a businessperson.
Term
Business intelligence system
Definition
An information system, having all five IS components, that provides the right information, to the right user, at the right time.
Term
Business Objects
Definition
SAP software that analyzes BI data. Business Objects was an independent software firm until its acquisition by SAP.
Term
Clickstream data
Definition
Web site data that describes a customer’s clicking behavior. Such data includes everything the customer does at the Web site.
Term
Conversion rate
Definition
The ratio of the number of customers who eventually purchased divided by the number who visited.
Term
Cookie
Definition
Data that a Web site stores on your computer to record something about its interaction with you.
Term
Cross-selling
Definition
The sale of related products. Salespeople try to get customers who buy product X to also buy product Y.
Term
Data broker
Definition
A company that acquires and purchases consumer and other data from public records, retailers, Internet cookie vendors, social media trackers, and other sources and uses it to create business intelligence that it sells to companies and the government.
Term
Data mining
Definition
A type of Informing process that uses sophisticated statistical analysis to uncover patterns in a large database in order to improve prediction.
Term
Data warehouse
Definition
Repository for the organization’s BI data.
Term
Decision making process
Definition
The selection of a choice among available options that can be done individually or in a group.
Term
Decision support systems (DSS)
Definition
An information system used in support of decision making.
Term
Digital dashboard
Definition
An electronic display that is customized for a particular user, commonly provided by vendors like Yahoo! and MSN.
Term
Dimension
Definition
A character or an attribute in an OLAP analysis.
Term
Dirty data
Definition
Problematic data. Examples are a value of B for customer gender and a value of 213 for customer age. Other examples are a value of 999–999–9999 for a U.S. phone number, a part color of green, and an email address of WhyMe@GuessWhoIAM-Hah-Hah.org. All these values are problematic when data mining.
Term
Drill down
Definition
With an OLAP report, to further divide the data into more detail.
Term
Expert system
Definition
A rule-based system that acquires and stores human knowledge in the form of if/then rules.
Term
Granularity
Definition
The level of detail in data. Customer name and account balance are large data. Customer name, balance, and the order details and payment history of every customer order are smaller.
Term
Hadoop
Definition
An open source program supported by the Apache Foundation that implements MapReduce on potentially thousands of computers.
Term
If/then rule
Definition
Statements that specify if a particular condition exists, then to take some action.
Term
Index
Definition
Links and keywords for billions of pages, stored in a database.
Term
Knowledge Management (KM)
Definition
Creating value from intellectual capital and sharing that knowledge with employees, managers, suppliers, customers, and others.
Term
MapReduce
Definition
A technique for harnessing the power of thousands of computers working in parallel.
Term
Market basket analysis (MBA)
Definition
An unsupervised data mining analysis that helps determine sales patterns. Shows the products that customers tend to buy together.
Term
Measure
Definition
A data item of interest that can be summed, averaged, or otherwise processed.
Term
Next Best Offer (NBO) process
Definition
A targeted offer or proposed action for customers based on the data patterns in the customer’s history and preferences, context, and attributes of the product or service.
Term
NoSQL database
Definition
Nonrelational databases that support very high transaction rates processing relatively simple data structures replicated on many servers in the cloud.
Term
Online analytical processing (OLAP)
Definition
An interactive type of reporting analysis that provides the ability to sum, count, average, and perform other simple arithmetic operations on groups of data. Such reports are interactive because users can change the format of the reports while viewing them.
Term
Online transactional processing (OLTP)
Definition
An operational process that uses an information system for the processing and reporting of day-to-day operational events. Order processing is a common example.
Term
Operational database
Definition
A data store that contains data produced and consumed by operational processes.
Term
Prediction
Definition
Determination of expected future events and/or outcomes.
Term
Privacy
Definition
Controlling how one’s personal information is acquired and analyzed.
Term
Regression analysis
Definition
Supervised data mining analysis that estimates the values of parameters in a linear equation. Used to determine the relative influence of variables on an outcome and also to predict future values of that outcome.
Term
Reporting
Definition
A type of Informing process that uses simple statistical analysis to uncover patterns in a large database of data in order to improve assessment.
Term
RFM analysis
Definition
A type of reporting analysis that ranks customers according to the recency, frequency, and monetary value of their purchases.
Term
SAP HANA
Definition
SAP’s solution for Big Data.
Term
Self-service BI
Definition
When users perform BI analysis themselves.
Term
Slicing and dicing
Definition
A process by which the user repeatedly sorts, groups, filters, and calculates to analyze and reanalyze data.
Term
Supervised data mining
Definition
A form of data mining in which data miners develop a model prior to the analysis and apply statistical techniques to data to estimate values of the parameters of the model.
Term
Third-party cookie
Definition
A cookie created by a Web site other than the one you visited.
Term
Unsupervised data mining
Definition
A form of data mining whereby the analysts do not create a model or hypothesis before running the analysis. Instead, they apply the data mining technique to the data and observe the results. With this method, analysts create hypotheses after the analysis to explain the patterns found.
Term
Visualization
Definition
The use of images, or diagrams, for communicating a message. Simple examples include bar charts and infographics.
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