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Mini 3 Review
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139
Medical
Post-Graduate
08/05/2010

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

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Term
What is the term for dilated blood vessels?
Definition
Telangiectasia
Term
Name the disease:
Occur at puberty, open and closed comedones are seen
Definition
Acne Vulgaris
Term
Erythema with surface changes: papules, vesicles, oozing and crusting
Definition
Eczzema
Term
The Greek term eczema means:
Definition
to Boil Over
Term
Name the disease:
Lymphoytic infiltrates,edema in the dermis then edema in the epidermis leads to spongiosis, lcheification
Definition
Eczema
Term
Hyperkeratosis and Acanthosis seen in ___ eczema
Definition
chronic
Term
Nam type of dermatitis: IgE- Allergic history, HSR type I. Starts in infancy, recurs in adolescence, Eosinophilia and IgE may be seen on biopsy
Definition
Atopic dermatitis
Term
Name type of dermatitis:exposure to UV light
Definition
Photoeczematous eruption
Term
Name type of dermatitis:HSR type IV, agens and irritating substances (cosmetics, nickel rings, leather, rubber products)
Definition
Contact Derm
Term
Name type of dermatitis: Local toxic effect of the chemical (detergents in soaps, shampoos, and household cleaners)
Definition
Primary irritant dermatitis
Term
Name type of dermatitis: Antigen or hapten (ie penicillin)
Definition
Drug related dermatitis
Term
Describe the disease mechanism of Erythema Multiforme
Definition
Humoral and cellular hypersensitivity reaction to infections, drugs, or others
Term
What microscopic pathology is seen in erythema multiforme?
Definition
Dyskeratosis
Term
Name the disease: Itchy, edematous, dry, chapping plaques, excoriations and lichenification
Definition
Irritant dermatitis
Term
Name the disease: Greasy scales and crusts, dandruff, induced by Malessezia furfur
Definition
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Term
Name the disease: Lichenification induced by pruritis and repetitive scratching and rubbing
Definition
Neurodermatitis (Lichen Simplex Chronicus)
Term
Name the disease: Well demarcated plaques and patches with white scales and pinpoint hemorrhages
Definition
Psoriasis
Term
Name the disease:
Yellowish nails with crumbling and separation or pits
Definition
Psoriasis
Term
Psoriasis is associted with faulty regulation of ____ may be associaed with ____ & _____.
Definition
epidermal growth, dyslipidemia, seronegative arthritis
Term
Psoriasis is caused by an incased rate of __ replication and accelerated turnover time through the ___, also mediated by cytokines like ____.
Definition
keratinocytes, stratum spinosum, TNF
Term
Name the disease:
Parakeatosis, absence of stratum granulosum, Acanthosis, Munro abscesses in stratum corneum
Definition
Psoriasis
Term
What are Munro Microabscesses and in which skin disease are they seen?
Definition
Neutrophil filled abscesses seen in Psoriasis
Term
A bipsy of the skin shows collection of T lymphocytes in a micro-abscess within the epidermis. What disease is this a characteristic feature of?
Definition
Mycosis fungoides
Term
Name the disease:
Papules and polygonal plaques with Wickham's striae, multiple symmetrical lesions on wrists, feet and lace like oral lesions
Definition
Lichen Planus
Term
Name the disease:
Pruritis, purple, polygonal, planar papules and palques
Definition
Lichen Planus
Term
What is the mchanism of the disease Lichen Planus?
Definition
Infilration of T lymphocytes with hyperplasia of Langerhans cells
Term
Name the disease:
Liquefacation degeneration of basal kertinocytes (colloid orCivatte bodies), Saw tooth lie retepegs
Definition
Lichen Planus
Term
Which layer of the epidermus thickens in Lichen Planus?
Definition
Granular layer
Term
Name the disease:
Thicker granular layer, Acanthosis, Saw-tooth rete ridges, Lymphoid infiltrate at the dermoepidermal Junction, Basal Cell necrosis
Definition
Lichen Planus
Term
What is the mechanism of the disease?
Well defined, erythematous slightly elevated discoid plaques, no visceral infolvement
Definition
Humoral hypersensitivity reactions with deposition of immune complexes atthe dermo-epidermal junction
Term
Histologically, Lupus Erythematosus shows vacuolation of which types of cells only?
Definition
Basal Cells
Term
Name the disease:
Keratinocyte vacuolation, Thick Basement Membrane, Lymphoid Infiltration
Definition
Subacute Lupus Erythematosus
Term
Name the disease:
Results from the formation of antibodies against gliadin part of gluten in wheat,
Definition
Dermatitis Herpetiforme
Term
Name the disease:
Pruritic plawues and vesicles, microabscesses a the tips of dermal papillae, sub-epidermal IgA mediate disorder
Definition
Dermaitis herpetiformis
Term
This disease looks like herpes but is associated with celiac disease
Definition
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Term
Name the disease:
Flaccid bullae, slight pressure on the zkin increases the zize of bullae, ulceres in the mouht
Definition
Pephigus Vulgaris
Term
What is the prognosis of Pemphigus Vulgaris if untreated?
Definition
Fatal
Term
Pephigus Vulgaris is a hypersensitivity reaction type ___ with circulating antibodies against___.
Definition
II, desmoglein 3
Term
Name the disease:
Suprabasal blisters, Acantholysis, Tombstone appearance
Definition
Pephigus Vulgaris
Term
Name the disease:
Multiple tense bullae filled with clear fluid, skin aroun esions is eryhematous
Definition
Bullous Pemphigoid
Term
What is the mechanism of the disease?
Large tense subepidermal bullae located on flexor surfaces of forearms, ineraspects of thighs, axillae, groin and lower abdomen, eosinophilic infilrate
Definition
HSR tye II against bullous pemphigoid antigen (component of hemidesmosome)
Term
What is the bullous pemphigoid antigen?
Definition
A component of hemidesmosomes
Term
Immunofluorescent microscopy would should Ab against bullous pemphigoid Ag and ___ at the ___ interface in skin here vesicles have not yet formed in the disease Bullous Pemphigoid
Definition
C3,dermo-epidermal
Term
What is Nickolski sign?
Definition
Seen in Bullous Pemphigoid, pressure on the side of the blister increases its size.
Term
A 25 year old female presents with a rash on the face. The rash has a malar distribution not involving the nasolabial folsd. It gets worse when exposed to sun. There is no history of joint pains of other systemic complaints.
Definition
DLE-discoid lupus erythematosus
Term
Beningn, Malignant or Premalignant?
Seborrheic Keratosis, Acanthosis Nigricans, Squamous Papilloma, Keratoacanthoma
Definition
Benign
Term
Name the types of tumor:
Pigmented macule, round-oval, coin like plaqe, nodule with stuck on appearance
Definition
Serorrheic Keratoses
Term
What type of cell proliferates in Serborrheic Keratoses?
Definition
Basal Cells
Term
Name the tumor:
Keratin Pearls & Basaloid Cell Hyperplasia
Definition
Seborrheic Keratosis
Term
Explosive Seborrheic Keratoses is usually associated with___.
Definition
Acanthosis nigricans, systemic malignancy
Term
Name the tumor:
Symmetrical velvety hyperpigmented plaques, associated with diabetes mellitus, GI, Lung & Breast malignancy
Definition
Acanthosis Nigricans
Term
Name the tumor:
Harbinger of insulin resistance even before the fasting glucose levels are elevated
Definition
Acanthosis Nigricans
Term
Name the tumor:
A rapidly growing creater -like lesion with a central keratin plug
Definition
Keratoacanthoma (benign)
Term
Name the tumor:
p53 mutations, umbilication, sometimes regresses on its own
Definition
Keratoacanthoma
Term
Benign, Premalignant, or Malignant?
Actinic Keratosis, Bowen Disease, Lentigo Maligna
Definition
Premalignant
Term
Name the tumor:
Rough, sand-paper-like plaques, tan-brown, red or skin-colored, dysplasia, may progress to SCC in siture of invasive Ca
Definition
Actinic Keratosis
Term
Can invade the local sheath of the fifth cranial nerve
Definition
Actinic Keratosis
Term
Name the tumor:
Chronic UV radiation, Arsenic exposure, Human papillomvirus type 16
Definition
Bowen Disease
Term
What is the most common cancer in the US?
Definition
Skin (2009)
Term
Which type of HPV is associated with SCC?
Definition
5 & 6
Term
Name the tumor:
Hyperkeratotic, crusted nodules, plaques or patches that may ulcerate
Definition
SCC
Term
Squamous Cell or Basal Cell Carcinoma?
Well differentiated an keratinizing with desmosomes
Definition
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Term
Squamous Cell or Basal Cell Carcinoma?
Rodent Ulcer, central ulceration, pearly rolled border, telangiectasia, peripheral palisading, mucin production
Definition
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Term

Vitiligo

a) Pigment loss

b) Excess pigment

c) Pigment Cell proliferation

Definition
a)
Term
Freckle
a) Pigment loss

b) Excess pigment

c) Pigment Cell proliferation
Definition
b)
Term
Melasma
a) Pigment loss

b) Excess pigment

c) Pigment Cell proliferation
Definition
b)
Term
Lentigo
a) Pigment loss

b) Excess pigment

c) Pigment Cell proliferation
Definition
b)
Term
Melanocytic Nevi
a) Pigment loss

b) Excess pigment

c) Pigment Cell proliferation
Definition
c)
Term
Malignant Melanoma
a) Pigment loss

b) Excess pigment

c) Pigment Cell proliferation
Definition
c)
Term
A melanocytic nevus is a nevus of ___ origin that migrates to the skin from the ____ during embryonic life. ___ nevi aggregate along the dermal-epidermal junction. ____nevi drop off into the dermis forming nests of elongated cells. ____nevi composed of elongated cells resembling nueral tissue. Maturation is loss of ____ activity and aquisition of ____ activity. Associated with ___ & ___ mutations.
Definition
Melanocytic, Nural crest, Junctional, Compound, Intradermal, Tyrosinase, Cholinesterase, BRAF and NRAS
Term
Macule or slightly elevated plaque with certain variation in color. This is a _____ the histopathology is _____.
Definition
Dysplastic Nevus, Atypical Melanocytes
Term
Name the lesion:
Large pebbly surface, variegated brown macule with fuzzy margins and oval but symmetrical shape.
Definition
Dysplastc Nevus
Term
Name the lesion:
Bridging of melanocytic nests between adjacent rete ridges
Definition
Dysplasic Nevus
Term
What are the ABCDE characteristics of Melanoma?
Definition
Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Dimater >6mm, Elevation
Term
Malignant Melanoma displays and ___growth pattern
Definition
Nodular/ Vertical
Term
What layer does each Clark Level of Invasion correspond to?
I
II
III
IV
V
Definition
I-Epidermis
II-Papillary Dermis
III- Lower Papillary Dermis
IV-Reticular Dermis
V- Subcutaneous fat
Term
What are the two methods of staging of Malignant Melanoma?
Definition
Clark Level of Invasion, Breslow Thickness
Term
For each Prognostic Criteria of Melanoma what indicates a favorable prognosis?
1) Depth of invasion
2) Mitotic activity
3) Regression
4) Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes at baseof vertical growth
5)Gender
6)Location
7)Lymph nodes metastasis
Definition
1) 2) Low
3)Absent
4)Numerous
5)Female
6)Limbs
7)Absent
Term
Name the Melanoma Variant:
After appearance immediately proceeds to vertical growth, poor prognosis
Definition
Nodular melanoma
Term
Name the Melanoma Variant:
Palms, soles & subungual area, any age, black-skinned people,
Definition
Acral lentiginous melanoma
Term
Name the Melanoma Variant:
Atypical melanocyres at the dermoepidermal interface, irregular, angular & hyperchromatic nuclei, large flat pigmented patch on the sun exposed skin of the elderly
Definition
Lentigo maligna
Term
Name the Melanoma Variant:
Exhibits radial growth
Definition
Superfical spreading melanoma
Term
A 70 year old woman presents with facial discoloration. The patient is observed to have a flat, pigmented lesion on the atrophic sun damaged skin. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
a) Acral lentiginous melanoma
b) Alopecia
c) Lentigo maligna
d) Mucosal lentiginous melanoma
e) Nodular melanoma
Definition
C)
Term
A 25 year old female presents with a rash on the face. The rash has a malar distribution not involving the nasolabial folsd. It gets worse when exposed to sun. There is no history of joint pains of other systemic complaints.
Definition
DLE-discoid lupus erythematosus
Term
Beningn, Malignant or Premalignant?
Seborrheic Keratosis, Acanthosis Nigricans, Squamous Papilloma, Keratoacanthoma
Definition
Benign
Term
Name the types of tumor:
Pigmented macule, round-oval, coin like plaqe, nodule with stuck on appearance
Definition
Serorrheic Keratoses
Term
What type of cell proliferates in Serborrheic Keratoses?
Definition
Basal Cells
Term
Name the tumor:
Keratin Pearls & Basaloid Cell Hyperplasia
Definition
Seborrheic Keratosis
Term
Explosive Seborrheic Keratoses is usually associated with___.
Definition
Acanthosis nigricans, systemic malignancy
Term
Name the tumor:
Symmetrical velvety hyperpigmented plaques, associated with diabetes mellitus, GI, Lung & Breast malignancy
Definition
Acanthosis Nigricans
Term
Name the tumor:
Harbinger of insulin resistance even before the fasting glucose levels are elevated
Definition
Acanthosis Nigricans
Term
Name the tumor:
A rapidly growing creater -like lesion with a central keratin plug
Definition
Keratoacanthoma (benign)
Term
Name the tumor:
p53 mutations, umbilication, sometimes regresses on its own
Definition
Keratoacanthoma
Term
Benign, Premalignant, or Malignant?
Actinic Keratosis, Bowen Disease, Lentigo Maligna
Definition
Premalignant
Term
Name the tumor:
Rough, sand-paper-like plaques, tan-brown, red or skin-colored, dysplasia, may progress to SCC in siture of invasive Ca
Definition
Actinic Keratosis
Term
Can invade the local sheath of the fifth cranial nerve
Definition
Actinic Keratosis
Term
Name the tumor:
Chronic UV radiation, Arsenic exposure, Human papillomvirus type 16
Definition
Bowen Disease
Term
What is the most common cancer in the US?
Definition
Skin (2009)
Term
Which type of HPV is associated with SCC?
Definition
5 & 6
Term
Name the tumor:
Hyperkeratotic, crusted nodules, plaques or patches that may ulcerate
Definition
SCC
Term
Squamous Cell or Basal Cell Carcinoma?
Well differentiated an keratinizing with desmosomes
Definition
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Term
Squamous Cell or Basal Cell Carcinoma?
Rodent Ulcer, central ulceration, pearly rolled border, telangiectasia, peripheral palisading, mucin production
Definition
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Term
Quinilones are mainly active against gram __ bacteria
Definition
negative
Term
____ is the first member of the quinolone group
Definition
Naidixic acid
Term
Quinolones act by ihibiting ______
Definition
DNA gyrase (topoisomease II)
Term
An important ADE of the quinolone nalidixic acid is___
Definition
Hemolysis in G-6-P deficiency
Term
Which of the nucleic acid synthesis inhibitos shows hemolysis in G6P Deficiency?
Definition
Nalidixic acid (Quinolone)
Term
Fluroquinolones end in the suffix ____
Definition
FLOXACIN
Term
What are the important effects of Fluorquinolones?
Definition
Bactericidal, Concentration dependent bacterial killing, Postantibiotic effect
Term
What is the mechanism of fluoroquinolones?
Definition
Inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase
Term
How do fluoroquinolones destribut to tissues like bone, prostate, and phagocytes?
Definition
Well
Term
What is the drug of choice for treating anthrax
Definition
Ciprofloxacin
Term
Norfloxacin is approved only to treat?
Definition
UTIs
Term
Which drug is used as prophylaxis against Pseudomonas in children with cytic fibrosis?
Definition
Ciprofloxacin
Term
The new FQs Levo/Gemi/Moxifloxacin are used to treat mainly_____ infections and have improved actvity against gram ___ bacteria
Definition
Respiratory, positive
Term
____ is the FQ thatis active against most betalactam and aminoglycoside resistant organisms
Definition
Cipofloxacin
Term
Is Ciprofloxacin Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal?
Definition
BACTERICIDAL
Term
Name 5 antibiotics which can be used to treat TYPHOID fever
Definition
Ciproflxacin, Levofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Azithromycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim
Term
Which Nucleic acid synthsis inhibitors can present withthe following ADEs?
GI ditress rashes, CNS, Cartilage Damage, Tendonitis, QTc prolongation and Phototoxicity
Definition
Fluoroquinolones
Term
Along with the Fluoroquinolones _____ can also cause phootoxicity
Definition
Tetracyclines
Term
_____ enhance the CNS toxicity of Fluoroquinolones
Definition
NSAIDs
Term
All sulfonamides are synthetic analogs of ____.
Definition
PABA (paraaminobenzoic acid)
Term
Sulfonamides inhibit the formation of ____ by the enzyme dihydropteroat synthase
Definition
dihydrofolic acid
Term
Trimehoprim inhibits the formatn of _____ by the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase
Definition
Tetrahydrofolic acid
Term
In the plasma sulfonamides are ____ they are metabolized by ____ in the liver. They are widely distributed in the body including the ___.
Definition
protein bound, acetylation, CSF
Term
Cotrimazole or ___ is the combination of ___ & ____.
Definition
Bactrim, Trimethopim, Sulfamethoxazole
Term
The sulfonamide ___ is typically used topically
Definition
Silver Sulfadiazine
Term
The sulfonamide ____ is used in ulcerative colitis and rheumatoid arthritis
Definition
Sulfasalazine
Term
Drug of choice for legionellosis
Definition
Azythromycin
Term
Chlamydial urogenital infections during pregnancy (tetracyclines are contraindicated
Definition
Macrolides (Erythromycin,Azithromycin), Amoxacillin
Term
Most common side effect of Macrolides?
Definition
GIT distress
Term
Describe mechanism of resstance to macrolides
Definition
methylase enzyme adds a meythl group to ribosomal binding site
Term
Mechnism of Action of Clindamycin
Definition
Like macrolids, inhibits transfer of peptidyl tRNA from the A site to the P site
Term
Therapeutic use of clindamyci?
Definition
Baceroides fragilis (anaerobic)
Term
ADEs of clindamycin?
Definition
Rashs, Pseudomembranou colitis
Term
Mechanism of action of Linezolid?
Definition
Prevents fomation of 70s Initiation Complex
Term
Uses of Linezolid?
Definition
VRE (Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium), VRSA (Voancymycin resistand S. auresus), MSSA/ MRSA, (Methicilli susceptible & resistant S.aureus-nosocomial pnumonia)
Term
What type of effect does Quinupristin/Dalfopristin have?
Definition
BACTERICIDAL, LONG POST-ANTIBIOTIC EFFECT
Term
Uses of Quinupristin/Dalfopristin?
Definition
VRE (Vancomycin resistant Enterococus faecium)
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