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Details Title: Midterm: Cultural Anthropology Description: Midterm Stuff Total Flash Cards: 37 Created: 10/17/2007 23:07:22	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term Louis Henry Morgan Definition -studied kinship of Iroquois Indians -recognized 7 types of kinship systems and an evolution of kinship systems (evolutionism) -believed in 3 stages of human evolution (primitivism, barbarism, civilized) -one of first people to organize society according to level of technology used: stone, bronze, barbarian, civilized Term Romantic Anthropology Definition 19th Century school of adventurers who went to live with the people they studied (ex: Cushing, Curtis) Term Cushing Definition -adopted into Zuni tribe -published a lot of secret information Term Franz Boas Definition -late 19th Century -wrote about value of native societies on their own: (Historical Particularism or Cultural Relativity) -important factor in debunking idea of race -established concept of fieldwork -organized anthropology into four subsets: physical, cultural, linguistic, and archaeological -interested in the possibilities that can emerge in reciprocal societies, that the nature of distribution and access to goods exists beyond where surplus dictates organization -studied cultures where individuals are judged based on how poor they can make themselves after having been rich (Kwakutl) Term Karl Marx Definition -interested in evolution and underlying economic principles that guide social action -believed issues of economic domination and subordination impacted all aspects of social life -thought occupational strata forms basis upon which the rest of society is formed -studied feudal Europe Term Alice Fletcher Definition -collected information from Indian tribes, particularly Sioux -could interview-- established memory ethnography Term J.P. Herrington Definition -linguist -salvage ethnography: study cultures before they disappear -found as many people who spoke as many languages as he could -used language to study belief systems Term Bronislaw Malinowski Definition -structural functionalism: looked to find purposes of different aspects of culture -uninterested in history/evolution -saw religion as the idea that Hope cannot fail -interested in how economic systems did not conform to Western notions -studied Trobrianders & the Ku'la system (circular exchange)- trade system linked societies Term Levi-Strauss Definition -structuralism: the ways in which logical perspectives on cognition are manifested in various cultures (myths, stories, etc.) Term Mary Douglas Definition interested in symbolic anthropology, structuralism, and functionalism Term Jean Briggs Definition -studied Inuit Eskimos in 1960s -interested in anthropology as self-discovery -narrowed anthropology to focus on women Term Ortner Definition -studied Sherpas in Tibet -interested in women's anthropology and ritual Term Garfinkle Definition -sociologist -interested in how people make decisions on a daily basis Term Phillips Definition -interested in modern Western societies, specifically studies gangs and graffiti Term Clifford Geertz Definition -symbolic anthropology: how symbolic expression could be mined to understand culture -believed people impose meaning on their world to escape chaos -saw religion as a system of symbols that acts to establish powerful & pervasive moods & motivations -Bali Term Margaret Meade Definition -studied Samoa and advocated for their rights Term Durkheim Definition -believed that as societies increase in complexity, religious ideas increase in complexity -saw religion as a way of explaining the forces under which people live -viewed animism as the least complex form of religion -theorized that God, ultimately, is society Term Julian Stewart Definition -believed that ecological factors affect society's evolution, and that social groups change as a result of economic adaptation -thought the best way to understand society was in terms of subsistence base and resulting superstructure -evolutionary component, as other ecological stimuli are introduced Term World Systems Theory Definition study of how capitalist expansion has affected native societies Term Wallerstein Definition -introduced the idea, in the 16th Century, that producers of raw/manufactured goods and consumers were divided on a global basis rather than a local one Term Strain Theory Definition People respond to economic stress in environments where their activities are limited Term Revitalization Movements Definition reinvigorating culture with heritage-- return to former greatness Term Cargo Cults Definition in New Guinea, Great Powers brought goods during WWI but stopped after WWII... rituals were designed to bring back the ships and planes Term Acculturation Definition people who come into contact with more "advanced" societies change their own ideas to reflect those of the more complex societies -> now thought to be too simplistic of a theory Term Subaltern Theory Definition -associated with Indian Rahj -concerned with in-between stages like postcolonialism and resistance and the development of a separate way of living Term Elman Service Definition -believed that natural inequalities exist in society (racist perspective) Term Benedict Anderson Definition -viewed nations as imagined communities Term Eric Wolf Definition -saw states as building blocks for an emerging global network Term Animism Definition -pervasiveness of spiritual power, not necessarily embodied in one spiritual being -Dreamtime (Australian aborigines believed world was dreamed into being, carry on tradition with scarring and the walkabout) Term Zoroastrianism Definition the belief that the vagaries of life are the outcome of the struggle between good and evil Term Buddhism Definition -reincarnation -karma -the Buddha (performer of miracles) -Dalai Lama- vehicle/medium through which religious principles of Buddhism are expressed Term Christianity Definition God is omnipotent, omniscient, omnibenevolent, and mortality is a test of faith Term Robert Carneiro Definition -argued that agriculture leads to centralized society & warfare Term Esther Bozera Definition -introduced current thinking that agriculture became necessary as societies became bigger & more sedentary Term Reciprocity Definition -simplest, most common exchange system: for everything you are given, give something of value Term Annette Winer Definition -studied Trobrianders, and thought that while Malinowski was right about the Ku'la, he missed the point regarding women's roles -thought that roles of women were just as important as men who engaged in Ku'la Term Definition