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Midterm
Mrs. Walker
120
History
11th Grade
01/12/2011

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Cards

Term
amnesty
Definition
pardoning a person for criminal acts
Term
black codes
Definition
laws passed by southern state legislatures to keep African Americans in slave like conditions
Term
carpetbaggers
Definition
northerners who travelled to the south to support republicans and create businesses
Term
crop liens
Definition
requiring sharecroppers to pay for debt with part of what they grew
Term
furnishing merchants
Definition
country stores or suppliers who let african americans buy goods on credit with as much as 40% interest
Term
graft
Definition
gaining money illegally through politics
Term
impeach
Definition
term given for the house of representatives charging a government official with a crime
Term
pocket veto
Definition
when the president rejects a bill by leaving it unsigned until after congress adjourns
Term
scalawags
Definition
southerners who supported republican politicians and/or african american rights
Term
sin tax
Definition
tax on alcohol or tobacco
Term
allotment
Definition
pieces of land on reservations given out to native americans for farming
Term
annuity
Definition
payments made on reservation dwellers
Term
assimilate
Definition
to be absorbed into a society or culture
Term
bonanza farm
Definition
wheat growing area that covered up to 50,000 acres and generated large profits
Term
dry farming
Definition
method that involved planting seeds deep in the ground where there was enough moisture for them to grow
Term
great plains
Definition
region that extended westward to the rocky mountains from the 100th parallel
Term
president grant's administration grew weak because...
Definition
of corruption and a bad economy
Term
the compromise of 1877 led to...
Definition
the withdrawl of union troops from the south
Term
homestead
Definition
a tract of public land available for settlement
Term
maverick
Definition
stray calf that had identifying brand
Term
nomads
Definition
people who moved from place to place and had no permanent settlement
Term
open range
Definition
vast areas of government owned grassland used by cowhands to graze cattle
Term
placer mining
Definition
using simple equipment like picks shovels and pans to find ore
Term
quartz mining
Definition
mining technique used by corporations which dug deep beneath the earth's surface
Term
sodbusters
Definition
people who plowed the soil on the great plains
Term
vigilance committee
Definition
group of self appointed volunteers who tracked down and punished wrongdoers
Term
arbitration
Definition
when an impartial third party helps workers and management reach an agreement
Term
closed shop
Definition
companies that can only hire union members
Term
corporation
Definition
organization owned by many people but treated under the law as though it were a single person
Term
deflation
Definition
a rise in the value of money
Term
economies of scale
Definition
when corporations make goods more cheaply because they produce so much so quickly
Term
entrepreneur
Definition
a person who risks their capital in organizing and running a business
Term
fixed costs
Definition
costs a company has to pay, whether or not it is operating
Term
gross national product
Definition
the total value of all goods and services produced by a country
Term
holding company
Definition
a company that owns the stock of other companies that produce goods
Term
lockout
Definition
tactic used by business owners to prevent workers from forming unions
Term
operating costs
Definition
costs that occur when running a company
Term
pool
Definition
agreements to maintain prices at a certain level
Term
time zones
Definition
four regions created in the U.S. to make rail service safer and more reliable
Term
trust
Definition
a legal concept that allows one person to maanage another person's property
Term
vertical integration
Definition
method of running a company in which a company owns all the businesses on which it depends for its operation
Term
horizontal integration
Definition
the business practice of combining many firms in the same industry into one big corporation
Term
trade union
Definition
unions made up of workers with specific skills
Term
industrial union
Definition
unions that united all craft workers and common workers in an industry
Term
monopoly
Definition
the dominance of a particular market by one company
Term
stock
Definition
shares of ownership in a company
Term
boomtowns
Definition
male-dominated towns that sprang up suddenly due to mineral strikes
Term
americanization
Definition
the process of becoming knowledgeable about american culture
Term
angel island
Definition
a processing center in california for asain immigrant (like ellis island)
Term
ellis island
Definition
tiny island in N.Y. Harbor that processes immigrants
Term
graft
Definition
getting money through dishonest or questionable means
Term
nativism
Definition
an extreme dislike for foreigners and a desire to limit immigration
Term
naturalism
Definition
a new style of writing that suggested that some people failed in life because of circumstances beyond their control
Term
philanthropy
Definition
the using of one's wealth to further social progress
Term
polical machine
Definition
an informal political group designed to gain and keep power.
Term
ragtime
Definition
music with syncopated rhythms that grew out of riverside honkey-tonks, saloon pianists, and banjo players
Term
realism
Definition
a movement in art and literature that attempted to portray people realistically
Term
settlement house
Definition
residences in poor neighborhoods in which middle class people lived and helped poor people
Term
skyscraper
Definition
tall steel frame buildings
Term
steerage
Definition
the most basic and cheap accomodations on a steam ship
Term
tenement
Definition
dark and crowded multi-family apartments in cities
Term
vaudeville
Definition
a theater show that included animal acts, acrobats, gymnasts, and dancers
Term
cooperative
Definition
marketing institutions that pooled farmers' resources and held them off the market to increase prices
Term
deflation
Definition
an increase in the value of money
Term
grandfathe clause
Definition
allowed men to vote if they had an ancestor on the voting rolls in 1867
Term
graduated income tax
Definition
scale that taxed higher incomes more heavily
Term
greenback
Definition
paper currency that could not be exchanges for gold/silver
Term
inflation
Definition
a decline in the value of money
Term
jim crow
Definition
laws that enforced segregation in the south
Term
patronage
Definition
when government jobs were given to the winning party in an election
Term
poll tax
Definition
fee imposed in order for a person to vote
Term
populism
Definition
the movement to increase farmers' political power and to work for legislation in their interest
Term
anglo-saxonism
Definition
the belief that english speaking nations had superior character, ideas and government and should dominate
Term
annex
Definition
to formally add an area of land as a nation's territory
Term
dollar diplomacy
Definition
policy in which the U.S. helped Latin America and Asia economically to promote stablility
Term
imperialism
Definition
the economic and political domination of a strong nation over other weaker nations
Term
jingoism
Definition
an attitude of aggressive nationalism in the republican party
Term
mckinley
Definition
president when the U.S. entered the spanish-american war
Term
open door
Definition
policy supported by mckinely and hay in which all countries would be allowed to trade with china
Term
pan-americanism
Definition
the idea that the U.S. and latin america should work together
Term
philippines
Definition
area purchased by the U.S. territoryy after the spanish-american war ($20 million)
Term
platt amendment
Definition
conditions that cuba was forced to accept including U.S. naval stations, debt conditions, and limitted treaty making capability
Term
puerto rico
Definition
area made a U.S. territory after the spanish-american war
Term
roosevelt
Definition
served as assistant secretary of the navy during the spanish american war
Term
sphere of influence
Definition
an area where a foreign nation controlled economic development, as in china
Term
yellow journalism
Definition
sensationalistic and exaggerated reporting
Term
muckracker
Definition
a journalist who uncovers abuses and corruption in a society
Term
initiative
Definition
a reform that allowed a group of citizens to introduce legislation and required the legislature to vote on it
Term
direct diplomacy
Definition
a party election in which all party members could vote for a candidate to run in the general election
Term
commision plan
Definition
a system of city government in which a board of commissioners with expertise in city services hires specialists to run city departments
Term
suffrage
Definition
right to vote
Term
referendum
Definition
a reform that allowed proposed legislation to be submitted to the voters for apporoval
Term
recall
Definition
a reform that allowed voters to demand a special election to remove an elected official from office before his of her term had expired
Term
temperance
Definition
moseration/elimination of alcohol
Term
prohibition
Definition
laws banning manufacture, sale, and consumption of alcohol
Term
socialism
Definition
idea that gov. should own and opperate  industry for the community as a whole
Term
jacob riis
Definition
muckracker, wrote about poor conditions facing many immigrant neighborhoods in NYC
Term
Robert La Follette
Definition
republican governor of wisconsin who attacked the way political parties ran their conventions and introduces the direct primary
Term
progressivism
Definition
political movement that crossed party lines which believed that industrialism and urbanization had created many social problems and that government should take a more active role in dealing with these problems
Term
alice paul
Definition
suffragist that formed the national women's party
Term
square deal
Definition
reform programs of roosevelt
Term
arbitration
Definition
settlement imposed by an outside party
Term
northern securities
Definition
giant holding company broken up by roosevelt
Term
united mine workers
Definition
union for miners
Term
hepburn act
Definition
law intended to strengthen the interstate commerce commission
Term
upton sinclair
Definition
author of the jungle, which described horrible conditions in the meat packing industry
Term
syndicate
Definition
business group
Term
insubordination
Definition
disobedience
Term
joseph g. cannon
Definition
speaker of the house under taft
Term
payne-aldrich tariff
Definition
law passed during the taft administration that did not effectiverly lower tarriffs
Term
richard ballinger
Definition
taft's secretary of the interior who was a conservative corporate lawyer
Term
income tax
Definition
direct tax on earnings of individuals and corporations
Term
unfair trade practices
Definition
business practices that unfairly limited competition
Term
progressive party
Definition
new political party, nickname: bullmoose party
Term
new nationalism
Definition
suggested reform programs of roosevelt in the 1912 election
Term
new freedom
Definition
suggested reform programs of woodrow wilson in the 1912 election
Term
federal reserve act
Definition
law that set up a central banking system in 1913
Term
federal trade commission
Definition
agency ycreated by congress to monitor american business
Term
national association for the advancement of colored people
Definition
(NAACP) association formed in 1909 to bring an end to lynching and radical discrimination
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