Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Midterm One
Chapters 1,2,5 and 8
48
Organic Chemistry
Undergraduate 2
10/22/2012

Additional Organic Chemistry Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Pauli extension principle
Definition
no more than two electrons per orbital and must have opposite spin
Term
Hunds Rule
Definition
electrons will fill empty orbitals before pairing
Term
core electrons
Definition
Electrons in the inner shell that don't participate in chemical bonding
Term
Valence electrons
Definition
outer most electrons, participate in chemical bonding
Term
Ionic Bond
Definition
a Bond with a positive atom and negative atom based on their charged ions: typically a bond between a metal and a nonmetal
Term
Covalent Bond
Definition
shared electron bond, happens with electron close together on the periodic table
Term
Nonpolar Covalent Bond
Definition
electrons shared equally by bonding electrons, little electronegativity difference
Term
Polar Covalent Bond
Definition
bond between electrons with great electronegativity difference
Term
Linear
Definition
sp, 180 bond angles
Term
trigonal planar
Definition
sp2, 120 bond angles
Term
Tetrahedral
Definition
sp3, 109.5 bond angles, lone pairs count as hybridizing orbitals
Term
Hydrocarbons
Definition
compounds made of only C and H
Term
Alkanes
Definition
hydrocarbons with only single bonds
Term
Isomers
Definition
different compounds with the same chemical formula
Term
constitutional Isomers
Definition
compounds with same molecular formula but differ in the order in which the atoms are connected
Term
substitutes
Definition
groups that branch off the main hydrocarbon
Term
CH2CH2CH3 is a
Definition
propyl group
Term
cylco-
Definition
unsaturated, CnH2n, larger rings more stable because less angle strain
Term
eclipsed conformation
Definition
higher in energy, exist at 0, 120, 240 degrees, so on
Term
staggered conformation
Definition
lower in energy, exist at 60, 180, 300 degrees, so on
Term
steric strain
Definition
the repulsion between the electron clouds of two close, but unbonded atoms
Term
axial
equatorial
Definition
straight up and down, less stable, minor
leaning out up and down away from the rings, more stable, major
Term
chair conformation
boat conformation
Definition
more stable cyclohexane
less stable cyclohexane
Term
ring flip
Definition
axial to equatorial and vice versa
Term
Anti
Definition
equatorial, 180 degrees apart
Term
Gauche
Definition
axial, 60 degrees apart
Term
Chirality
Definition
objects that have nonsuperimposable mirror images, said to be chrial, ex hands
Term
Achiral
Definition
object has a superimposable mirror image ex chair
Term
enantiomers
Definition
non-superimposable mirror images, like hands, have same physical propertimes, rotate light differently
Term
R,S Priority based on
Definition
atomic mass
Term
R is
Definition
clockwise
Term
S is
Definition
counterclockwise
Term
chiral objects are
Achiral objects are
Definition
optically active
optically inactive
Term
dextrorotatory
Definition
clockwise rotation (+)
Term
Levorotatory
Definition
Counterclockwise rotation (-)
Term
Racemic Mixtures
Definition
Mixtures containing equal amounts of each enantiomer
Term
Number of enantiomers with two chiral centers
Definition
2^n ex 2^2= 4 steriomerisomers
Term
Diastereomers
Definition
Stereoisomers which are not mirror images
Term
Meso Compounds
Definition
are achiral but have chiral centers, all are optically inactive, have and internal plane of symmetry
Term
Alkyl Halides
Definition
Hydro carbon with halogens attached, carbon halogen bond is polar.
Term
Substrate
Definition
the main organic molecule on which your experimenting in
Term
Sn2 happens in.....
Definition
One step, the breaking of the halogen group and bonding of the nucleophile happens in one step called bimolecular reaction
Term
Nucleophiles
Definition
Have on pair of lone electrons, most have negative charge
Term
Nucleophilic strength based on.....
Definition
charge, electronegativity, sterics, solvent effects, strong bases= better nucleophile
Term
Protic Solvents
Definition
capable of hydrogen bonding, very polar, ex: water alcohols amines (R-NH2), decrease effectiveness of small nucleophiles forms protective cases around it
Term
Aprotic Solvents
Definition
are effective on smaller nucleophiles because its unsolvated
Term
Nu strength in protic solvents
Definition
I->Br->Cl->F-
Term
Nu strength in aprotic solvents
Definition
F->Cl->Br->I-
Supporting users have an ad free experience!