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Midterm 4
Renal-Immune system
20
Physiology
Undergraduate 4
03/13/2011

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Cards

Term
Renal System
Definition
Urinary System
Term
Renal System Homeostatically regulates:
Definition
  • Total body water content
  • mean arterial pressure (MAP)
  • Na+, K+, Cl-
  • Body acidity (pH)
  • Remove toxins
  • synthesis of red blood cells
Term
Components of Renal System
Definition
  • Kidneys
  • Ureter, urethra
  • Bladder
Term
Kidneys
Definition

Urine forming organs

(Nephron, Renal blood supply)

Term
Urethra
Definition
Tube from bladder out
Term
Bladder
Definition
Storage
Term
Ureter
Definition
tubes from kidney to bladder
Term
Nephron
Definition
  • surrounds capillaries.
  •  Collecting duct (drains eventually into the ureter)
  • Nephron allows us to make a concentrated urine or a dilute urine
  • blood in capillaries (glomerular capillaries) never enters the nephrons
  • instead we form filtrate: watery "extract" from the blood.
Term

Filtrate

(in nephron)

Definition

water "extract" from the blood (glomenular capillaries)

contains:

  • H2O
  • ions
  • toxins
  • glucose
  • no cells or large proteins
Term
Blood filteration rate
Definition
125mL of blood per minute. (we only have 5 liters of blood)
Term
Majority of filtrate...
Definition

is actually reabsorbed back into the body.

if all the filtrate were eliminated as urine....dehydrate

Term

Absorption across the nephron

PROXIMAL Convoluted tubule

Definition

automatically reabsorbs..

1) ~66% of the filtered NaCl

2)~60% of H2O

3) absorb 100% of the filter glucose

Term
Diabetes Mellitus
Definition
they can't reabsorb all the filtered glucose
Term
Loop of Henle
Definition
  • H2O absorption in decending limp via osmosis
  • NaCl absorption in ascending limb via active transport
Term
Osmosis
Definition
"Diffusion" of water, high to low H2O concentration
Term
Diffusion
Definition
things move from high concentration to low concentration
Term
Dextran
Definition
Exerting osmotic force
Term
Descending limb of loop of henle
Definition

moves thru a gradient of osmolarity

top

=300 mOsm---> bottom:1200mOsm

  • filtrate moveds thry the descending limb H2O leaves the nephron via osmosis (~ 85% of H2O)
Term
Ascending limb of the loop of Henle
Definition
  • pumps enzymes
  • absolutely NO H2O absorption
  • pumps remove Na+ (and Cl_) fromthe filtrate
  • Peritubular capillaries absorb the H2O and some of NaCl thats removed from the filtrate
  • relatively impermeable to H2O
  • active transport of Na+ (and eventually Cl- follows)=use ATP
  • Contributes to osmotic gradient
Term
Filtrate over the course of a day
Definition

178.5 L of filtrate was absorbed....

Dilute - Hypo-osmotic (hypo-tonic)

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