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Midterm 1
humanities 6
77
History
Undergraduate 3
02/16/2012

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Term
Renaissance
Definition
from the french word for "re-birth"; the artistic, cultural, and inrellectual movement marked by a revival of classical and humanistic values that began in Italy in the mid-fourteenth century and had spread across Europe by the mid-sixteenth century.
Term
Studias Humanitatis
Definition
The Latin term given by Renaissance scholars to new intellectual pursuits that were based on recently discovered ancient texts, including moral philosophy, history, grammar, rhetoric, and poetry. This is new learning stoof in sharp contrast to medieval scholasticism.
Term
Humanism
Definition
an attitude that is concerned with humanity, its achievements, and its potential; the study of the humanities; in the early renaissance, identified with studia humanitatis.
Term
Early Renaissance Style
Definition
a style inspired by Classical rather than Gothis models that arose among Florentine architects, sculptors, and painters in the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries.
Term
Vanishing Point
Definition
In linear perspective, the point on the horizon at which the receding parallel lines appear to converge and the vanish.
Term
Piaster
Definition
In architecture, a vertical, rectangualr decorative device projecting from a wall that gives the appearance of a column with a base and a capital; sometiems called an applied collumn.
Term
relief
Definition
In sculpture, figures or forms that are carved so that they project from the flat surface of a stone or metal background. HIGH relief projects sharply from the surface, LOW(BAS) relief is more shallow.
Term
Chiaroscuro
Definition
In painting, the use of dark and light contrast to create the eddect of modeling of a figure or object.
Term
sfumato
Definition
In painting, the blending of one tone into another to blur the outline of a form and give the canvas a smokelike appearance; a technique perfected by Leonardo da Vinci.
Term
Mass
Definition
In religion, the ritual celebrating the Eucharist, or Holy Communion, primarily in the Roman Catholic Church. The Mass has two parts, the Ordinary and the Proper; the former remains the same throughout the church year, whereas the latter changes for each date and service.
Term
motet
Definition
A multivoiced song with words of a sacred or secular text, usually sung without accompanying instruments; develt in the thirteenth century.
Term
imitation
Definition
In music, a technique inwhich a musical idea, or motif, is presented by one voice or instrument and is then followed immediately by a restatement by another voice or instrument; effect of musical relay race.
Term
High Renaissance
Definition
The period from about 1495 to 1530, often associated with the patronage of the popes in Rome, when the most influential artists and writers of rhe Renaissance (including Michelangelo, Raphael, da Vinci, and Machiavelli, were producing their greatest works.
Term
mannerism
Definition
a cultural movement between 1520 and 1600 that grew out of a rebellion against the Renaissance artistic norms of symmetry and balance; characterized in art by distortion and incongruity and in thought and literature by the belief that human nature is depraved.
Term
civic humanism
Definition
An italian Reniassance ideal, characterized by dedicated and educated citizens who served as administrators and civil servants in their cities; inspired by the periods Classical revival.
Term
madrigal
Definition
A polyphonic song performed without accompaniment and based on a secular text, often a love lyric; especially popular in the sixteenth century.
Term
Pieta
Definition
a painting or sculpture depicting the mourning Virgin and dead Christ.
Term
scenographic
Definition
In Reniassance architecture, a building style that envisioned buildings as composed of seperate units; in the painting of stage scenery, the art of perspective representaion.
Term
balustrade
Definition
In architecture, a rail and he row of posts that supposr it, as along the edge of a staircase or around a dome.
Term
consort
Definition
A set of musical instruments in the same family, ranging from bass to soprano; also, a group of musicians who entertain by singing or playing instruments.
Term
anglicanism
Definition
The doctines and practices of the church of england, which was established in the early sixteenth century under Henry VII.
Term
Reformation
Definition
The sixteenth-century religious movement that looked back to the ideals of early Christianity, called for moral and structural changes in the church, and led ultimately to the founding of the various Protestant churches.
Term
Counter-Reformation
Definition
A late-sixteenth-century movement in the catholic church aimed at reestablishing its basic beliefs, reforming its organizational structure, and reasserting itself as the authoritative voice of Christianity.
Term
Christian Humanism
Definition
An intellectual movement in sixteenth-century nothern Europe that sought to use the ideals of the Classical world, the tools of ancient learning, and the morals of the Christian scriptures to rif the church of worldliness and scandal.
Term
Northern Reniassance
Definition
The sixteenth century cultural movement im Northern Eurpope that was launched by the northward spread of Italian Renaissance art, culture, and ideals. The northern Renaissance differed from the Italian Renaissace largely because of the persistance of the Late Gothic Style and the infolding of the Reformation after 1520.
Term
revenge tragedy
Definition
A type of play popular in sixteenth -century England, probably rooted in Roman tragedies and concerned with the need for a family to seek revenge for the murder of a relative.
Term
triotych
Definition
In painting, a set of three hinged or folding panels depicting a religious story, mainly used as an altarpiece.
Term
proverb
Definition
A pithy saying, thought to convey folk wisdom or a general truth.
Term
Puritanism
Definition
The beliefs and practices of the Puritans, a small but influential religious group devoted to the teachings of John Calvin; theu stressed strict rules of personal and public behavior and practiced their beliefs in England and the New World during seventeenth century.
Term
Lutheranism
Definition
The doctrine, litugy, and institutional structure of the chruch founded in the sixteenth century by Martin Luther,who stressed the authority of the bible, the faith of the individual, and the worshiper's direct communication with God as the bases of new religion.
Term
Calvinism
Definition
The theological beliefs and rituals set forth in and detived from John Calvin's writings, placing emphasis on the power of God and the weakness of human beings.
Term
Jesuits
Definition
Members of the Society of Jesus, the best-organized and most effective monastic order founded during the Counter-Reformation to combat Protestantism and spread Roman Catholicism around the world.
Term
Late Mannerism
Definition
The last stage of th Mannerist movement, characterized by exaggeration and distortion, especially in painting.
Term
chivalric novel
Definition
A Late Medieval literary form that presented romantic storied of knights and their ladies; the dominant literary form in Spain from the Late Middle Ages into the Renaissance.
Term
Picaresque novel
Definition
From the Spanish term for "rogue". A type of literature, originating in the sixteenth-century Spain, the recounted the comic misadventures of a rougish hero who lived by his wits, often at the expense of the high and mighty; influenced novel writing across Europe, especially in England, France
Term
word painting
Definition
In music, the illustration of an idea, meaning, or feeling associated with a word, as, for example, using a discordant melody when the word pain is sung. This technique is especially identified with the sixteenth-century madrigal.
Term
Peace of Lodi
Definition
Defensive pact signed in 1454 by Milan, Florence and Venice, established a delicate balance of power and ensured peace in Italy for forty years.
Peace of Lodi came apart in 1494, when a french army led by Charles VIII (r. 1483-1498) entered in Italy in the hope of promoting French monarchic ambitions.
Term
condotierri
Definition
Term
signori
Definition
Term
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
Definition
329
Prized student of Ficinos
his goal was thr synthesis of platonism and arisototeliansim within christian framework thaqt also encompassed other eastern ideas.
second important contribution was the concept of individual worth. 'Oration of the Dignity of Man' gives the highest expression to this idea whish is inherent in the humanist tradition. According to pico human beings endowed with reason and speech, are created as a microcosm of the universe. Believes humanas have free will and make their own descions.
Term
Leone Battista Alberti
Definition
330-333
-140472 wrote at length on Brunelleschi innovations
-believed that architecture should embody the humanistic qualities of dignity balance control and harmony and that a buildings ultimate beauty rested on mathematical harmony of its seperate parts.
Term
Medici Family
Definition
325-326 353 363
-dominated florentine politics and cultural life from 1434-1494, sometimes functioning as despots.
-giovanni, cosimo, lorenzo
Term
Leonardo da Vinci
Definition
Term
Donatello
Definition
331 333 335 336 337
-1386-1466
-revived classical practices that had not been seen in the west for more than a thousand years: the freestadnig figure; thr technique of contrapposto or a figure balanced with most of the weight on one leg.
Term
Sandro Botticelli
Definition
326 329 330 342-44
-1445-1510
-one of the first florentie artists to master noth linear and atmospheric perspective
-he was less interested in the technical aspects of painting than he was in depicting laguid beauty and poetical truth.
-'primevera/allegory of spring' 'birth of venus'
Term
Filippo Brunelleschi
Definition
332-334
-designed dome of florence catherdral
Term
Fra Angelico
Definition
opposed medici
Term
Lorenzo Ghiberti
Definition
337-39
-1381-1455
-rival to donatello
-defeated Brun. in a competition to select the sculptor of FLorences Baptistery.
-panels
-'Gates of paradise' 'The story of Cain and Abel' 'The annunciation'
Term
Machiavellianism
Definition
human nature is compliantly evil.
-the ends justify the means
Term
Baldassare Castiglione
Definition
361
-1478-1529
-'The book of the Courtier'
-ideals on manners
Term
Niccolo Machiavelli
Definition
360 362-63 420
Term
Michelangelo Buonoarroti
Definition
Term
Donato Bramante
Definition
378-79 429
-moving force behind high renaissance architecture
-scenographic style
-'Tempietto'
Term
Charles V
Definition
354-355
Term
Francis I
Definition
353
-22 year reign
brought artistic and intellectual ideals to northern europe
Term
Titian
Definition
355
Term
Council of Trent
Definition
386 408-9 428-29 447
Term
Huguenots
Definition
388 421-22 505
Term
Francious Rabelais
Definition
386
-wrote a five part satire called 'The Histories of Gargantua and Pantagruel'
-attacked the churches abuses and ridiculed the clergy and theologians.
-affirmed goodness of humannature and the ability of men to lead useful lives based on reason and common sense.
Term
Desiderius Erasmus
Definition
387
-northern humanists
-believed in the education of hunmaintas sencse adovacated by Cicero
-emphasizing the study of the classics and honoring the dignity of the individual.
'praise of folly' he pokes fun at the human race by making his mouthpiece a personified folly (ridicules every social group with jolly satire)
Term
Sir Thomas More
Definition
387
friend of Erasmus, who he dedicated 'Encomium Moriae' (reflects a lightheartded spirit)
Term
Jean Bodin
Definition
388-89
1530/1596
-absolutism
-leader, rise above the fractures of italy and bring everyone together
Term
Michel de Montaigne
Definition
390
literature 1533/1592
-The essays
-self awareness
Term
William Shakespeare
Definition
391
1564/1616
-northern renaissance literature
-self awareness/investigation of the human motivations
Term
Martin Luther
Definition
387-88 399 402-6 404
Term
Miguel de Cervantes
Definition
413
1547-1616
-'Don quixote' challenged chilvaric novels
Term
Albrecht Durer
Definition
384 393 404
-'knight death and the devil' 1513
-printing plates
Term
Matthias Grunewald
Definition
394
'the crucifixion' 1515
Term
Elizabeth I
Definition
407
-never married
-common prayer
-queen of england and anglican church
Term
Henry VIII
Definition
407
-founded anglicanism
-divorce issue*
Term
Andreas Vesalius
Definition
389 463
1514-1564
-proved the uniqueness of the human body
-influenced modern thought
Term
John Calvin
Definition
406
Term
Hieronymous Bosch
Definition
396
-'garden of earthly delights'
-enigmatic
-mystery life; expressed relgion in an unusual way
Term
Pieter the Elder Bruegel
Definition
397-399
-'netherlandish proverbs'
-common folk, landscapes, folk narratives (not religious)
Term
El Greco
Definition
410-411
-expressed the spirit of counter reformation (after 1576)
- works were considered bizarre
-'Cardinal Guevara' 'The Burial of Count Orgaz'
Term
Sofonisba Anguissola
Definition
412
-praised by michelangelo
-court painter
-
Term
Tintorreto
Definition
414
-venetian artist
-arrangements seem sculptural
-'last supper'
-reaction against titian
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