Cholinesterase inhibitor

Prevent CHe from breaking down choline and acetate

Keep ACh in synapse; constricts pupils

lasts on receptor for 10 min

Cholinesterase inhibitor

Prevent ChE from breaking ACh down to choline and esterase

Keeps ACh in synapse

lasts on receptor for 2-4 hours, glacoma

Muscarinic agonists

binds to nChR and mChR

constricts pupils

Muscarine Agonist

binds to mChR on postsynaptic cell

consticts pupils

Muscarine Antagonist

antagonist at mChR on postsynaptic cell

mydriatic and cycloplegic

Muscarine Antagonist

antagonist at mChR on postsynaptic cell

consticts pupils

Nicotinic Agonits

binds to nChR on postsynaptic cell

alertness, muscle contraction

Sympathomimetics

Directly Acting Agonist

increase SNS activity

Sympathomimetics

α₁ selective agonist

contractions of radial muscle, dialate pupils

Sympathomimetics

β₂ selective agoinst

smooth muscle relaxation

Sympathomimetics

nonselective, indireclty acting

facilitate NE release, dialate pupils

Sympatholytics

α-blockers, nonselective

prevent NE from binding to receptor

Sympatholytics

α₁ selective blocker

prevent NE from binding to receptor

Sympatholytic

β-blocker, nonselective

prevent NE from binding to receptor

Local anesthetic

ester group- PABA, prevent generation/conduction of berve impulses, reduce sodium permeability, reduce rate of rise of AP

loosens epithelium of cornea, reduces reflexive tears

Local anesthetic

ester group- PABA, prevent generation/conduction of berve impulses, reduce sodium permeability, reduce rate of rise of AP

loosens epithelium of cornea, reduces reflexive tears

IV anesthetic

intravenous

induction of maintaince of unconcieousness

Muscarinic Antagonists

antagonista at mChR on postsynaptic cell

mydriatic and cycloplegic

Muscarinic Agonist

binds to mChR on postsynaptic cell

constrict pupils

Procaine
Lidocaine

 Etomidate

Halothane

nitrous oxide

Nicotinic ganglion blocker

Antagonist at nChR at NMJ

Relax skeletal muscle. Treat muscle spasm/pain

Hypertesive

Class II (β₁-blocker)

decrease O₂ demand, slow heart rate, dialate vessels (Prevent myocardial ischemia & pain)

Use w/ nitrates for control of angina; most effective for tachycardia

Hypertesive

Class II (β₁ & β₂-blocker)

decrease O₂ demand, slow heart rate, dialate vessels (Prevent myocardial ischemia & pain)

Use w/ nitrates for control of angina; most effective for tachycardia

Hypertesive

α- & β-blocker

slow heart rate, dialate vessels

Hypertesive

centrally acting α₂  blocker

decrease BP by decreasing symp outflow from medulla

emergencies

ACE inhibitor

prevent ACE from producing agiotension II

decrease blood volume and pressure

ACE inhibitor

prevent ACE from producing agiotension II

decrease blood volume and pressure

Angiotension II receptor blocker

block vasoconstriction and aldostersone secretion

decrease BP by antagonizing effects of angiotension in vascular SM

Calcium channel blocker

relax vascular SM

decrease BP

Class IV (Ca channel blocker) - vasodilation, increase O2 supply, slow conduction at AV node

vasodialation (relax SM), decrase heart rate

Stabilize dysrhythmia, HTN, & angina

Vasodialators

relaxation of vascular SM to decrease peripheral resistance, increase blood flow, decrease BP

inadequate as sole therapy, must be combo with β-blocker or diuretic

Vasodialators

relaxation of vascular SM to decrease peripheral resistance, increase blood flow, decrease BP

inadequate as sole therapy, must be combo with β-blocker or diuretic

Peripherally acting irreversible α-blocker

decreases vascular tone and BP

only used for severe emergencies

Thiazide diuretic

promote water loss by blocking reabsorption of Na & Cl

relieve edema, works on DCT and colleting ducts

paired with  K⁺ sparing diuretic

Thiazide-like diuretic

promote water loss by blocking reabsorption of Na, Cl, K, & HCO₃

relieve edema, works on DCT and colleting ducts

paired with  K⁺ sparing diuretic

Loop Diuretic

inhibit Na & Cl reabsorption

increase Na, Cl, K, & H₂0 excretion

rapid H₂0 loss, O₂ toxicity

Potassium sparing diuretic

block Na⁺ channel for reabsorbtion in DCT and collecting duct

mild diuresis, paired with another diuretic

Potassium sparing diuretic

block Na⁺ channel for reabsorbtion in DCT and collecting duct

mild diuresis, paired with another diuretic

bile acid sequestrants

bind with salts in intestinal tract to form an isoluable complex which is excreted

decreases circulating cholesterol, and increases serem LDL removal rate

can impiar fat soluable vitamin absorbtion

bile acid sequestrants

bind with salts in intestinal tract to form an isoluable complex which is excreted

decreases circulating cholesterol, and increases serem LDL removal rate

can impiar fat soluable vitamin absorbtion

HMG-CoA RI (Statins)

decrease production of lipoprotein carriers or choleterol and triglycerides (by increases degradation)

increase HDL, lower LDL

HMG-CoA RI (Statins)

decrease production of lipoprotein carriers or choleterol and triglycerides (by increases degradation)

increase HDL, lower LDL

Fibric Acid Derivatives

Block lypolysis of triglycerides in fat cells, inhibit uptake of FA in liver

Decrease Triglycerides and VLDL, increase HDL

Fibric Acid Derivatives

Block lypolysis of triglycerides in fat cells, inhibit uptake of FA in liver

Decrease triglycerides and VLDL, increase HDL

Cholesterol Absorption Blocker

inhibits absorption of cholestrol

Cholesterol Absorption Blocker

inhibits lipase

Hypertesive

Class II (β-blocker) Adernergic

decrease O₂ demand, slow heart rate, dialate vessels (Prevent myocardial ischemia & pain)

Use w/ nitrates for control of angina; most effective for tachycardia

Anti-Anginal and Anti-Dysrhythmic Agents

Class 1b - bind to sodium channel; short effects

no effect on conduction, may shorten AP

Anti-Anginal and Anti-Dysrhythmic Agents

Class III - block K⁺ (and some Na⁺⁾ channels

stabilize dysrhythmia by slowing conduction at AV node

Can cause deposit on cornea, optic neuritis, and colon deposits

stabilize dysrhythmia by slowing conduction at AV node

Can cause deposit on cornea and optic neuritis

Cardiac Glycosides

Inhitbit ATPase, increase intracellular [Ca²⁺]

Decrease heart size, increase renal blood flow

Use for CHF, atrial fibrillation and flutter

Low therapeutic index

Amoxicillin

Clarithromycin

Metronidazole

Tetracycline

Anticoagulants

Oral admin; interfere w/  synth. of vitK-dependent clotting factors

Decrease blood clotting, decrease thrombosis

Anticouagulents

IV admin; Inhibit prothrombin->thrombin and fibrinogen->fibrin

Decrease blood clotting, decrease thrombosis

Anitplatelets

prevent clots from forming in arteries by keeping platlets from binding

Anitplatelets

prevent clots from forming in arteries by keeping platlets from binding

anit-platelets

impairs platelet function by inhibting the activitiy of adenosine deaminase and phosphodiesterase

antacid (adsorbant)

neutralize intragastric HCl

can be used as an anti-diarrheal as well

antacid

neutralize intragastric HCl

mucosal protective agent

quick relief, reacts with protein in stomach to create barrier

prostoglandin

 decreases cAMP (opp of histamine receptor)

can no use if pregnant

PPI

Pro-drug under acidic conditions is protonated and converted to an active compound that reacts convalently with H⁺, K⁺-ATPase (thus longer duration)

PPI

Pro-drug under acidic conditions is protonated and converted to an active compound that reacts convalently with H⁺, K⁺-ATPase (thus longer duration)

stimulant laxatives

hydrolyzed by lipase in the small intestine to ricinoleic acid

increases intestinal secretion, decreases glucose absorption, and stimulates colonic motor function

bulk laxitives

form synthetic fibers for bacterial degradation that have to be exreted because they can not be absorbed

antidiarrheal

inhibits the formation of diarrhea-producing prostaglandins

modifies fluid and electrolyte transport

Calcium channel blocker

decrease contraction (SA node), vasodiation of peripheral tissue

Fibric acid derivative

Block lypolysis of TG in fat cells, inhibit uptake of FA in liver

Decrease TG and VLDL, increase HDL

Decrease in live triglyceride synthesis, required for VLDL, LDL

Decrease VLDL, LDL, and total cholesterol

Reduce production of uric acid

Decreased permeability @ proximal tubule

Thrombolytic

Facilitate plasminogen->plasmin, which hydrolyzes fibrin

Dissolve blood clots

Increase flow resistance, decrease propulsion and fluid secretion

reduce diarreha

bacterial degredation in colon

forms a large mass stimulating defication reflex

laxitive

Serotonin 5-HT4 agonist

Stimulate colonic motility

Binds to motilin receptors on nerves and muscles

Enhance GI tract contractions, increase emptying

COPD

Muscarinic antagonist; derivative of atropine; inhaled

Treat COPD (combo with beta2-agonist)

COPD

beta-2-adrenergic receptor agonist

Cromolyn

Nedocromil

Mast cell stabalizer

Inhibit histamine release, exercise-induced bronchospasm

Treat BHR, asthma

Glucocorticoids

Suppress inflammatory gene expression, decrease inflammation

Relieve asthma and hay fever

Glucocorticoid

inhaler/nasal spray for asthma and hay fever

β₂ selective agoinst

increase cAMP and inhibit SM contraction for asthma

SE: tachycardia

asthma

CysLT receptor antagonists

block the LT receptor (leukotrine)

for asthma

inhibits phosphodiesterase

bronchiodilation, related to caffeine

SE: seizures

CysLT receptor antagonists

blocks action of certain natural substances that cause swelling and tightening of airways

H1 receptor blocker

Relieve allergic conjunctivitis

antihisamine

H₁-receptor inverse agonist

crosses BBB

Allergy / Hay fever

hitamine antagonist

does not cross BBB

SE: prolonged QT interval

Simpathymimic amine, indirectly acts as an agoinst on the adrenergic system

release NE, vasoconstriction

Dry eye and blepharitis

anti-inflamatory, andtibiotic (like z-pack)

Works well in combination with warm compresses

long-term management of dry eye

Takes 1 month to start working