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MiddleEastModern
Islamic terms, people, etc.
41
History
9th Grade
02/08/2009

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Term
Gamel Abdel Nasser
Definition
second president of Egypt, led Egyptian revolution of 1952
Term
Osama bin Laden
Definition
founder of Al-Qaeda
Term
Mohammad Atta
Definition
egyptian member of Al-Qaeda, flew first plane into world trade center
Term
Mullah Omar
Definition
leader of the Taliban in Afghanistan
Term
Ayman Zawahiri
Definition
an Al-Qaeda leader, often belived to be the real brains of the organization
Term
Sayyid Qtub
Definition
disapproved of American life and influenced Al-Qaeda with his beliefs
Term
Mohammad bin Laden
Definition
father of Osama, owned construction company
Term
Kalid Sheik Mohammed
Definition
a captured member of Al-Qaeda, confessed to masterminding the september 11 attacks
Term
Ramzi Yousef
Definition
one of the planners of the 1993 World Trade Center Bombings, nephew of Kalid Sheik Mohammed
Term
Al-Queda
Definition
a sunni islamist extremist organization responsible for the Sept. 11 attacks, among others
Term
The Muslim Brothers
Definition
a Sunni islamist group who's goal is to make the Koran the sole reference point in all issues, say they oppose violence, but this statement is often questioned
Term
Taliban
Definition
a sunni islamist group in power in Afghanistan from 1996-2001, use guerilla warfare
Term
Arab Afghans
Definition
a group of muslim fighters during the Soviet-Afghan war, often doubted as a fighting force, but achieved near-hero status for their role in the war, Osama bin Laden-most famous member
Term
Persian Gulf War
Definition
a U.N. authorized conflict in which a force made up of 34 nations (namely U.S. and U.K.) expelled Iraqi forces from Kuwait
Term
Khobar Towers Bombing
Definition
an attack on a housing complex used to house foreign military personnel
Term
USS Cole
Definition
an attack on the U.S. naval ship, the USS Cole; the ship was seriously damaged, and 17 sailors were killed
Term
Embassy bombings
Definition
took place in 1998, hundreds killed in attacks on United States embassies in the East African capital cities of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and Nairobi, Kenya. The attacks were linked to local members of Al-Qaeda
Term
World Trade Center 1
Definition
also known as North Tower, first to collapse, 18 people from impact zone and above escaped
Term
World Trade Center 2
Definition
also known as the south tower, collapsed after the north tower, none able to escape from above the impact zone
Term
jihad
Definition
An individual's striving for spiritual self-perfection. A Muslim holy war or spiritual struggle against infidels
Term
shiite
Definition
a member of one of the two great religious divisions of Islam that regards Ali, the son-in-law of Muhammad, as the legitimate successor of Muhammad
Term
sunni
Definition
a member of one of the two great religious divisions of Islam, regarding the first four caliphs as legitimate successors of Muhammad
Term
Wahabism
Definition
a conservative and intolerant form of Islam that is practiced in Saudi Arabia
Term
Islamism
Definition
An Islamic revivalist movement, often characterized by moral conservatism, literalism, and the attempt to implement Islamic values in all spheres of life.
Term
zionism
Definition
a worldwide Jewish movement that resulted in the establishment and development of the state of Israel.
Term
secular
Definition
not pertaining to or connected with religion (opposed to SACRED )
Term
regime
Definition
a government in power
Term
totalitarian
Definition
exercising control over the freedom, will, or thought of others; authoritarian; autocratic.
Term
fascism
Definition
governmental system led by a dictator having complete power, forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism, regimenting all industry, commerce, etc., and emphasizing an aggressive nationalism and often racism.
Term
communism
Definition
a system of social organization in which all economic and social activity is controlled by a totalitarian state dominated by a single and self-perpetuating political party.
Term
capitalism
Definition
an economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, esp. as contrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth.
Term
materialism
Definition
preoccupation with or emphasis on material objects, comforts, and considerations, with a disinterest in or rejection of spiritual, intellectual, or cultural values.
Term
radical
Definition
favoring drastic political, economic, or social reforms
Term
liberal
Definition
a political or social philosophy advocating the freedom of the individual, parliamentary systems of government, nonviolent modification of political, social, or economic institutions to assure unrestricted development in all spheres of human endeavor, and governmental guarantees of individual rights and civil liberties.
Term
theocracy
Definition
a form of government in which God or a deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler, the God's or deity's laws being interpreted by the ecclesiastical authorities.
Term
ideology
Definition
the body of doctrine, myth, belief, etc., that guides an individual, social movement, institution, class, or large group
Term
heretic
Definition
a professed believer who maintains religious opinions contrary to those accepted by his or her church or rejects doctrines prescribed by that church.
Term
ramadan
Definition
The ninth month of the year in the Islamic calendar. A fast, held from sunrise to sunset, that is carried out during this period.
Term
hajj
Definition
the pilgrimage to Mecca, which every adult Muslim is supposed to make at least once in his or her lifetime: the fifth of the Pillars of Islam.
Term
piety
Definition
Religious devotion and reverence to God
Term
polygamy
Definition
the practice or condition of having more than one spouse, esp. wife, at one time
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