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Middle East vocab
Test on the Middle east, vocab
35
Sociology
12th Grade
10/08/2008

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Cards

Term
Anti-semitic
Definition
descrimination against jews (heart of current issue between israel and palestine
Term
Troop Surge
Definition
Sending of 30,000 additional troops to iraq (To secure baghdad and allow political reconciliation
Term
zionism
Definition
a political movement founded in 1897 to establish a jewish homeland in the area of Palestine (modern israel grew out of zionism)
Term
intifada
Definition
great uprising (Israel granted limited autonomy to the palestine national authority in 1993 to end the first intifada)
Term
Pre-emptive
Definition
shoot first, ask questions later (policy of bush administration against Iraq)
Term
Settlements
Definition
Additional land for the Jews in disputed areas (settlements became a big source of contention between two sides and necessary defense against violence from geographical neighbors)
Term
6 day war
Definition
started with a pre-emptive strike by israel and captured the Sinai peninsula, gaza strip, west bank, east jerusalem, and golan heights. in 1967. peace occured with egypt in 79
Term
uranium enrichment
Definition
a step in the process used to create a nuclear bomb (Iran doubled its capacity, and could have enough fuel to build a bomb by 2009. this was part of the reason the US invaded them.
Term
balfour declaration
Definition
the british government. they agreed to establish a jewish homeland in palestine
Term
Direct diplomacy
Definition
overseeing of a country directly, from one country to another. there is controversy of whether or not to use direct diplomacy on Iran
Term
gaza strip, west bank, golan hieghts
Definition
places in egypt, jordan and syria. these locations were captured by israel in the six day war. gaza is now under palestenian control
Term
international atomic engergy agency
Definition
agency that oversees atomic energy use. This agency found out that Iran was secretly enriching uranium into nuclear fuel and refusing inspection
Term
Peace talks
Definition
occurred between saudi arabia, egypt and syria along with 50 other countries. peace between these countries would be unlikely, however; great for US international relations
Term
Oslo accords
Definition
first face to face agreements between israel and palestine. the oslo accords led to the creation of the PA
Term
NPT
Definition
weapons non proliferation treaty. this treaty stated taht countries can have nuclear energy, but it has to be supervised. iran didnt allow the IAEA to check out the nuclear energy, voilating the treaty and raising suspicion of nuclear weapons use
Term
Shiite extremists
Definition
a group taht commits terrorism and insurgent attacks. caused unrest in many areas. opposing party of sunni muslims
Term
mujahideen
Definition
holy warrior, supported by the US through this program to fight the soviets. Bin laden fought them in afghanistan in 1979
Term
Fatah party
Definition
non religious party in Palestine. the first free democratic election in palestine led to the election of a candidate from this party, Mahmoud Abbas
Term
Hamas
Definition
terrorist organization who gained seats in the PA
Term
Palestenian Authority
Definition
The PA helped convert palestine into a democratic government. The PA also deals with isreal
Term
Al Qaeda
Definition
Terrorist group responsible for financing 9/11. harbored by the taliban government. there was thought to be a connection between Al Qaeda and Iran, which would justify the invasion. however no working connection has been found.
Term
Taliban
Definition
Afghan government that harbored al qaeda from 96-01. the US overthrew the taliban governmetn which marked the beginning of our fight against terrorism. the taliban is anti modern
Term
Islamic
Definition
a religion predominant in the Middle EAst. Sunnis and Shittes come from this religion also bringing extremism
Term
Iraq study group
Definition
a bipartisan group that studies iraq from the US. they set the withdrawal date from Iraq.
Term
UN Security Council
Definition
the UN form of security. they have to approve everything that has to do with war. they approved economic sactinos of iran and also suggested they had nuclear weapons
Term
Refugees
Definition
People seeking refuge from something. After fighting, Arabs fled and ther was 750,000 arab palestenian refugees.
Term
Palestenian liveration organization
Definition
its goal was to end the Israeli occupation and freedom for palestinian people. the original PLO stressed israels annihilation, as well as right of returen and self determination for palestenians. they want to destroy israel
Term
Axis of evil
Definition
president bush named iran, iraq and north korea as the eaxis of evil. this marked a justifacation for the war on terror
Term
Ehud elmert
Definition
israeli prime minister. he joined for peace talks along with 50 other countries.
Term
Osama bin laden
Definition
osama joined the mujahideen and learned to fight soviets. trained by the US. he formed al qaeda who financed 9/11.
Term
yasir arafat
Definition
palestinian leader, open to change and peace talks. when arafat died it opened a door for political change in 2004.
Term
Yitzhak rabin
Definition
prime minister of israel. signed the oslo accords. he is ahelper of the spread of peace but a traitor for dividing israels land
Term
Right of return
Definition
palestinians think they have the right to return to israel and recieve land and property.
Term
Iranian hostage crisis
Definition
In 1979, the shah of iran was overthrown by islamic fundamentalist revolutionaries. iranian studnts held 52 americans hostage in an embassy. this changed iran to a enemy of the US.
Term
Persian gulf war
Definition
in 1991 the military of saddam hussein invaeded oil-rich Kuwait. this signified US hate towards soddam.
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