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Middle Ages
Part 1 of Unit Exam
50
History
10th Grade
09/28/2009

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Name at least 3 things the Roman Empire provided.
Definition

Law, order, maintenance, welfare, protection, government, education, and unity

 

 

*those are the ones im focusing on...

Term
Name at least 5 reasons for the decline of Roman Empire.
Definition

1.Internal political corruption

2.economic/social difficulites from a big territory

3.high cost of warfare

4.too much labor due to slavery

5.citizens wanting too much

6.immorality

7.indolence

8.decreased production

9.religious/ethnic strife

10.invasions by Germanic tribes

Term

The period after the fall of the Roman Empire is referred to as?

During this time, Europe was _____ from the _____ tribes.

Definition

1.Dark Ages

2.fractured, Germanic

Term
In the Feudal Era, the loyalty was to a _____ rather than a _____.
Definition

1.knight/lord

2.king

Term
In the Feudal era, the decline in travel and trade led to the decline in? Why?
Definition

1.education/learning

2.learning came from outside Roman Church, and there wasn't much contact with the outside world causing learning to decline.

Term
What was the stable and unifying institution in the early Middle Ages? This gave people ____ in a tough time period.
Definition

1.Religion

2.hope

Term
Who was king of the Franks? What 2 things did he do?
Definition

1.Charlemagne

2. United most of Western Europe & co-mingles the church/state

Term
Pope ______ III named Charlemage what?
Definition
Leo, Holy Roman Emperor
Term
What are the three major causes of the Hundred Years' War?
Definition

1. Who would take over French throne

2. Control over Flanders

3. Historical animosity (rivalry) between France/England

Term
T/F. The youngest son takes over the throne when a king dies.
Definition
False, the oldest son takes over the throne when a king dies.
Term

Who dies without a male heir?

Who sets a claim to the French throne?

Why does this piss off the French?

Definition

1.Charles IV

2.King Edward (15 yrs old)

3.They want Philip VI (cousin) to take over instead

Term
What was so important about Flanders? Where is it located today?
Definition
It manufactured cloth and was dependent on England for wool even though it was located in France.
Term
What are the 3 reasons why the French should have easily won the Hundred Years' War?
Definition

1. home field advantage

2. wealthier

3. 3x the population of England

Term
T/F. During the Hundred Years' War, France was unified.
Definition
False, France was still transitioning away from feudalism.
Term
What was the Estates General? How did this cause France to struggle?
Definition

1.Representatives of nobles and townspeople

2. Estates General got extra priveleges from the king which caused more internal disunity of France

Term
Who had a better military? England or France? What was the best weapon at the time?
Definition
England; long bow
Term
Who forced the peasants in France to pay for the Hundred Years' War? This caused the ______ to happen.
Definition

1.Estates General

2.Jaquerie (revolt of peasants in France)

Term
The 1360 Peace of Bretigny caused what 3 things to happen?
Definition

1. King John the Good returned to France

2.England still kept many French territories

3.Edward III renounced his claim to French throne

Term

Treaty of Troyes (----) caused what to happen?

 

Who didn't agree with this?

Definition

1.1420

2.Henry VI of England declared as France/England King

3.French Charles VII, still claimed to be king

 

Term
Who urges Charles VII to send troops to liberate Orleans?
Definition
Joan of Arc
Term

Joan of Arc caused many of the French to feel?

T/F. Charles VII didn't save Joan of Arc from being captured.

Definition

1.Inspired

2.True

Term
Although Joan of Arc was executed, she was later recognized as a?
Definition
Saint
Term
T/F. The Hundred Years' War consisted of 100 years of fighting.
Definition
False, 68 years of Peace and 44 years of violence
Term
What became a major political power after the Hundred Years' War?
Definition
Burgundy
Term

What was an effect of the Hundred Years' War on England?

On France?

On peasants?

Definition

1. develop own clothing industry

2.transition France away from feudalism manors- kings

3.heavy taxes on peasants causing them to be angry with lords/kings for centuries

Term
Why weren't lords not needed that much after the Hundred Years' War?
Definition
King wanted a paid army that would fight at any time rather than knights/calvary
Term
What were some causes for Peasant Revolts?
Definition
taxation, desire for higher wages, hostilility towards aristocracy, people expected much out of peasants
Term
Name why Europe was susceptible to the Black Death before it hit.
Definition

1.Densely populated

2.Overpopulated

3.Economic depression

4.Famine

5.Bad health habits and sanitation

Term
The Black Death is believed to have came from what part of the world? It was transmitted by ____ and ____.
Definition

1.Asia

2. rats, fleas

Term

How much of the population died from the Black Death?

What is Anti-Semitism?

Definition

1. 1/3

2. prejudice against Jewish

Term

Literature and art during the Black Death reflected _______.

This was also later reflected in the _______ ________.

Definition

1.Pessimism/death

2.Northern Renaissance

Term
Why did farms decline during the bubonic plague?
Definition
there was a lower demand for agriculture because people wanted luxury items instead
Term

The Statute of Laborers in 1351 later caused the _____ ______ revolt in 1381 to occur.

 

What did the Statute of Laborers do?

Definition

1.English Peasant

2.Forces peasants to stay in town and pay taxes

Term
T/F. During the Black Death, artisants, merchants, craftsmen (Bourgeoise) thrived.
Definition
True
Term
Who established a centralized papal monarchy that involved the papacy into politics?
Definition
Pope Innocent III
Term
Pope Urban IV established the? This allowed members of the clergy to avoid what?
Definition

1. Rota Roman

2. Trial in Royal courts

Term
Church power was centered in ____ which angered many ____.
Definition

1.Rome

2.kings

Term
Why did France and England tax the clergy?
Definition
To get money to repair damages from the Hundred Years' War
Term
Boniface VIII resists the _____ employed by ____ and _____ (people).
Definition

1.taxes

2.Edward I

3.Philip the Fair

Term
In 1302, what does Boniface III decree? What does this mean?
Definition

1.Unam Sanctam

2. Chruch had authority over everything on earth

Term
What happens after Unam Sanctum is passed? This marks?
Definition

1.Philip's forces beat up Boniface VIII

2. end of church's supremacy over state

Term
The Great Schism was between what two sides?
Definition

1.Avignon in France

2. Rome in Italy

Term

Urban VI was for the _____ and he wanted to keep the papacy in?

 

Clement VII wanted to move the papacy to ____, and this was supported mainly by?

 

All of this happened because of ________'s death.

Definition

1.Holy Roman Empire

2.Rome

3.Avignon

4.French

5.Pope Gregory XI

Term
The Conciliar movement was? What did they try to do? Did it work?
Definition

1.representative council > Pope

2.deal with complaints about church

3.nope

Term
What did John Wycliff believe? What were his followers called?
Definition

1.That the church should only follow Scripture

2.Lollards

Term
What did John Hus do? What happened to him? What were his followers called?
Definition

1. led a nationalist movement in Bohemia

2. burned at the stake as a heretic

3.Hussites

 

Term
What were the 3 main complaints of the church?
Definition

1.too political (holding offices)(secular)

2.avoided punishment in royal court

3.church started taxing people; people believed in clerical poverty

Term
When the State and Church fought, they were fighting over what 3 things?
Definition

1. people

2.authority

3.money

Term
What was the international language at the time? Who spoke it?
Definition

1.Latin

2. Rich/Clergy

Term
Why were vernacular languages important as they increased?
Definition
As they increased, the Bible became translated into the languages that the people spoke allowing more access to less educated people
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