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Middle Ages
Early
22
History
9th Grade
04/06/2008

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Lords/Lesser
Definition

lords choose who you marry

wealth of lords came from labor of peasants/lived on land

Lords gave housing and land to Serfs.

Serfs tended land/animals.

Term
Serfs/peasants
Definition

peasants and serfs couldn't leave without permission

lived with Lords in estate-->manor

Lords gave housing/land/protection to Serfs,

in return they tended the land/animals.

better farmers then, than today.

Serfs couldn't leave without permission.

Term
Manors/Manorial System
Definition

wealth of lords came from labor of peasants/lived on land

peasants/serfs--> couldn't leave land

lived with  Lords in estate-->manor

manoral system=economic system

15-30 families lived in village on the manor

Serfs couldn't leave without permission

Term
Farming Techniques
Definition

crop-rotation.

spring crops------fall crops

summer crops----fallow=green manure

Term
Fiefs
Definition

gave crops to serfs and vassels

land granted by a feudal lord to another noble

Term
Vikings
Definition

MINDSET

geography-cold, barren, dangerous-rugged farmers

religion-polytheistic-->Odin=God Of War, Thor=God Of Thunder, Frey=God of Little Vikings(fertility)

Premogeniture--> #1 son=got all land

#2&3 son=go&steal their future

from Skandinavia

 

Term
Viking Raids
Definition

often raided at night or in the fog

A. once ashore, built a siege engine

B. often used sappers to gain access

had secret weapon(berserkers)

Term
Berserkers
Definition

naked, howlers

1st raid on monestary (Landesfarne) 793

Term
Religion
Definition

polytheistic= Odin=God of War

Thor=God of Thunder

Frey=God of Fertility

their heavan=Hall of Slain

their writing= Chronicles-->diaries of the monestary

Term

Viking Technology

Definition

long boats--> 80ft long-->18ft wide-->3foot draft-->12mph

sun compass/wheel-->

how they could track against the wind

Term
Sagas/writing
Definition
trickster, told tales of bravery, parties, raids, good/bad times, family feuds, funerals 
Term
Byzantine Empire
Definition

Phoenix of Rome

the western empire is gone in the east-survies another 1000 years

keep roman laws and customs

Term
Justinian
Definition

emperor

served in military-->good general

speed/power=victory

backbone was cavalry

restructured law code

Theodora married Justinian-->took an interest in politics= assisting govt. & church matters.

convinced Justinian to create laws supporting equal rights--> women could own land/property-->equal inheritance rights for sons and daughters.

she built hospitals for the poor

she encouraged Justinian to stay and fight off rebellion which was led by a group of senators (he won) makde him an even stronger fighter.

Term
Christianity east/west split
Definition

Roman Catholic Church-->political stability;unity

Term

Knights

Definition

land protection--> usually mounted but not always

lived by code=chivalry

a. courage

b.Honor to yourself or lord

courtesy (be polite)

d. show gallentry

knighted in a ceremony after long training

accolade (sword to shoulder) was given and after that, they became knights

Term
Castles
Definition

(look at diagram)

around the castle was a moat-a wide ditch filled with water, when an enemy ,drew near the drawbridge across the moat was raised, and the knights defendign teh castle took positions high on the castle walls.

castle was a home AND a fighting place.

Term
Constantinople
Definition
changed Christianity from a persecuted minority to the Empire's most favored religion.
Term
Charlemagne
Definition

Holy Barbarian

created an empire that united  Europe post fall of rome--> included France, Belgium,Netherlands, luxembourg, Switzerland, most of Germany, Austria Italy, part of Czech Rep., Slovakia, Hungary, Balkans, Sliver of St.Augustine's city of God

setup church schools-free edu. free men&slaves

Term
Islam
Definition

Arabic root word for peace

meaning of Islam-"peaceful surrender to God"

only major religion not named after person, place or thing

today 1.2 billion+ muslams

fastest growing religion in the world

God is one and only-God is eternal and absolute

God has no mother, father, son, or daighter

God has no gender.

Term
Prophet Mohammed
Definition

Born in 571 AD

Born in Mecca-city in Saudi Arabia

Prohpet used to meditate in a cave outside Mecca

at age 40 while meditatin+praying for guidance-Angel Gabriel

created Quran sent by God

Quran completed over 23 years and means Recitation

Propet Mohammed completed Islam in 632 AD

Term
Five Atricles (Pillars)
Definition

"Shahada"--> There is no God other than Allah-Mohammed is the last messanger of Allah

"Salat"-->Daily prayers offered five times a day as duty towards Allah:face Mecca, Mosques(church)

"Fasting"-->During Ramadon abstain from food&drink from dawn to sunset=9th month Muslim calender

"Zakat"-->money (tax usually 2.5%) which must be payed by able Muslimsto assist poor and needy.

"Hajj"-->Pilgramage to Mecca once ina  lifetime(if one can afford it financially and physically)

*Jihad=struggle 

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