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Micropathology One liners #2
Flashcards for Sherman Micropathology Class to aid in study for NBCE
182
Pathology
Graduate
11/25/2010

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Term
Current Jelly
Definition
Postmortem clot in which RBCs are uniformly distributed.
Term
Fatty Infiltration
Definition
Presence of vacuoles in the cytoplasm of a cell undergoing degeneration are indicative of:
Term
PMN
Definition
the main cell in acute inflammation
Term
Chemotaxis
Definition
Factor in determining the direction of locomotion (ex. tissue substances that summon WBCs and macrophages following injury)
Term
Metaplasia
Definition
Mucosal lining of bronchi changes to stratified squamous epithelium
Term
Chicken fat
Definition
The supernatant (no RBCs) in a postmortem clot looks like:
Term
Neurons
Definition
Which of the two main CNS cells is least likely to regenerate?
Term
Melanosis coil
Definition
Condition in which excess lipofuscin is deposited in the colon and appendix
Term
Melanosis coil
Definition
What condition is associated with chronic users of pigemented-type cathartics (ex. Rhubarb)
Term
Hematoma
Definition
A large extravascular hemorrhage forming a tumor-like swelling
Term
Inflammation of vessel walls
Definition
What may be the result of a septic embolus?
Term
Sepsis
Definition
Whole body inflammation due to a pathogen entering the blood stream.
Term
Lead
Definition
Basophilic stippling of RBCs may indicate poisoning with:
Term
Lupus erythematosus
Definition
Butterfly lesion on face is seen in:
Term
Lungs
Definition
Psittacosis primarity affects the:
Term
Ornithosis (parrot fever)
Definition
Psittacosis
Term
Chlamydia (bacteria)
Definition
What organism causes psittacosis?
Term
Lungs
Definition
Coccidiomycosis affects the:
Term
Coccidioides immitis or posadasii (fungi)
Definition
What organism causes coccidiomycosis?
Term
Mycotic
Definition
Chronic granulomatous infections and granulomas may be caused by what type of infection?
Term
Rheumatic fever
Definition
The greatest number of lesions of cardiac valves result from:
Term
Strep pyogens (scarlet fever) and Strep pharyngitis (strep throat)(both group A B-hemolytic)
Definition
What organisms (diseases) lead to Rheumatic fever?
Term
Vasodilation
Definition
What is a common sign of tissue degeneration in chronic inflammation?
Term
Coronary arteries
Definition
Atherosclerosis is most common where?
Term
Thromoangitis Obliterans (Buerger's disease)
Definition
Disease of young and middle-aged male, heavy smoker, damaged blood vessels, possible gangrene in extremities.
Term
Gummatous
Definition
Type of necrosis associated with tertiary syphilis.
Term
Duodenum and lesser curvature
Definition
Peptic ulcers are common to what areas of the stomach?
Term
Striated muscle
Definition
Hypertrophy is most apt to occur in:
Term
Peyer's patches
Definition
The initial site of pathology in typhoid fever is usually:
Term
Destruction of internal organs (especially intestines, heart and nerves)
Definition
What is the usual cause of death in typhoid fever?
Term
Thrombi
Definition
Lines of Zahn are found in?
Term
Banding pattern across the clot
Definition
What are lines of Zahn?
Term
Intestinal Emphysema
Definition
What can come after whooping cough?
Term
Coagulation
Definition
Type of necrosis found in an infarct
Term
Ulcer
Definition
Loss in continuity of the surface skin or mucous membrane with inflammation of adjacent tissue.
Term
Zenker's degeneration
Definition
Special form of cell change associated with hyaline degeneration.
Term
Caseous
Definition
The type of necrosis often associated with TB
Term
Caseous
Definition
Necrotic material rich in protein and lipids.
Term
Resolution
Definition
Clearing of inflammation when an affected part returns to normal
Term
Vasodilation
Definition
Most common initial finding as a tissue alteration in an area of inflammation.
Term
Agenesis
Definition
Absence of development of an organ
Term
Fibroblasts
Definition
Cell type responsible for formation of scar tissue.
Term
Collagen
Definition
What type of protein is scar tissue?
Term
Nerve regeneration
Definition
What occurs when axon is damaged but cell body, including nucleus, is undamaged.
Term
Dry gangrene
Definition
What is ischemic necrosis of a portion of an extremity?
Term
Wet gangrene
Definition
What is ischemic necrosis of an extremity with a bacterial infection?
Term
Thrombosis
Definition
Coagulation of blood within vessels during life.
Term
Brain
Definition
Where is the conversion of an infarct into a cystic space containing clear fluid?
Term
Plasma cell
Definition
Cell type which is absent from normal blood sample.
Term
Plasma cell (B-lymphocytes)
Definition
What WBC produces antibodies?
Term
Cell contains an aberrant substance
Definition
What is implied with degeneration?
Term
Coagulation necrosis
Definition
Type of necrosis, which occurs most frequently as an effect of infarction of muscle?
Term
Fat necrosis
Definition
What necrosis occurs most frequently in the liver?
Term
Iscehemia
Definition
What causes coagulation necrosis
Term
Those with cells capable of DNA synthesis
Definition
What tissues is hyperplasia found in?
Term
Necrobiosis
Definition
Type of cell death that occurs normally
Term
Inflammation
Definition
Natural response to an irritant
Term
Neutrophil
Definition
Most important mobile cell in acute inflammation.
Term
Positive chemotaxis
Definition
PMN's being attracted to bacteria in an inflammatory response.
Term
Tensile strength
Definition
What parallels the appearance of collagen in a healing wound.
Term
Regeneration
Definition
Parenchymatous repair means healing by:
Term
Organization
Definition
Process which results in the replacement of a tissue defect with highly vascularized, young connective tissue.
Term
Metaplasia
Definition
Proliferation of cells resulting in adult types differing from those of the original.
Term
Bronze diabetes
Definition
Accompanying pigmentation in hemochromatosis.
Term
Dystrophic calcification
Definition
What is usually deposited on dead cells or tissues?
Term
Capillaries of lungs
Definition
What does a venous thrombosis resulting in an embolism usually affect?
Term
Lower legs veins
Definition
Most common site for thrombus formation?
Term
Increase in WBCs of blood stream
Definition
Which one of a number of features in least influential in development of thrombosis?
Term
Dust cell
Definition
A macrophage containing carbon particles in the lung is commonly called:
Term
Cyst
Definition
Lesion consisting of a center of fluid material surrounded by either an immediate layer of epithelium or fibrous connective tissue.
Term
Anamnestic response
Definition
The phenomenon of recall of tissues "remembering" their previous experience.
Term
Antibodies
Definition
What type of cell is involved in anamestic response.
Term
1. Lining of stomach
2. Gall bladder
3. Small intestine
4. Brain
5. Kidney tubules
Definition
Order of disintegration in putrefaction.
Term
Antemortem clot (thrombus)
Definition
Clumping of platelets, and further developed by coagulation of blood (fibrin-formation)
Term
Thrombus
Definition
Grey-white and red; forms tail in direction of flow; adherent to lining of endothelium; Lines of Zahn; majority form in veins
Term
Lines of Zahn
Definition
Exhibited by thrombus; cross section of clot shows banding or "ribbing" from layers of platelets covered with WBCs.
Term
Postmortem clot
Definition
no lines of Zahn; does not adhere to endothelium.
Term
Algor Mortis
Definition
Cooling of a dead body.
Term
Rigor Mortis
Definition
Stiffening of a dead body.
Term
Liver Mortis (dependent lividity)
Definition
Bluish-red underside portion of body; due to pull of blood by gravity
Term
Veins of lower extremitites
Definition
Areas of frequent occurrence of thrombi formation.
Term
Arterial thrombus (coagulation thrombi)
Definition
Usually begin at site of endothelial injury or turbulence.
Term
Venous thrombus
Definition
soft, dark, red, associated with thrombophlebitis (phlebothrombus)
Term
Mural thrombi
Definition
Non-occlusive adherence to vessel or cardiac wall, may build up to occlusive levels
Term
Fate of Thrombus
Definition
Shrinkage, contraction, re-canalization (associated with healing)
Term
Venous thrombus
Definition
Not as serious as arterial because of extensive collateral circulation
Term
Homan's sign
Definition
Thrombus in vessels (usually veins) of calf of legs giving pain (heat and tenderness) upon dorsiflexion
Term
Embolism
Definition
Moving, occlusion of part of cardiovascular system usually by clots, can be fat, bone marrow, gas, etc.
Term
Solid or systemic embolism
Definition
Usually from heart, may travel to brain causing CVA or to lungs (pulmonary embolism)
Term
Saddle embolism
Definition
Straddles bifurcation of a vessel and blocks it
Term
Infected emboli
Definition
Spreads infection during travels
Term
Pyogenic staphylococci or streptococci
Definition
Organsisms that can cause infected emboli
Term
Amniotic emboli
Definition
Emboli associated with difficult delivery, and seepage of amniotic fluid into bloodstream
Term
Gas emboli
Definition
Associated with gases entering blood stream (ex. nitrogen bubbles or syringe usage)
Term
Fat emboli
Definition
Fat enters blood stream during surgery, accident or long bone fracture.
Term
Tumor emboli
Definition
Uncommon, tumor debris obstructs circulation
Term
Bone marrow embolism
Definition
Associated with bone crushings, particularly in chest area during resuscitation
Term
Talc embolism
Definition
Talc used as adulterant in drug dilutions (street)
Term
Xanthomas
Definition
Plaques of lipid-laden macrophages, seen in diabetics, hyperlipidemia and primary biliary cirrhosis, not a true neoplasm
Term
Atheromas (sebaceous cysts)
Definition
Seba-filled cysts, ex. epidermal cysts of labia
Term
Atheromas
Definition
Plaque-filled small arteries
Term
Glycogen Storage disease
Definition
Accumulation of glycogen (ex. von Gierke's - congenital), accumulation of glycogen in beta cells of pancreas may occur in diabetes
Term
Black lung (anthracosis/miner's disease)
Definition
exogenous pigment accumulates in macrophages; induces pneumoconiosis (chronic fibrous reaction of lung)
Term
Siderosis
Definition
Iron dust accumulation in lung
Term
Silicosis
Definition
Pneumoconiosis due to long-term exposure to silica dust
Term
Plumbism
Definition
lead poisoning --> "lead lines" in bone
Term
Argyria
Definition
Silver poisoning - permanent pigmentation of the skin, conductivia
Term
Tattoes
Definition
Dermal (corium) pigmentation, persists in dermal macrophages.
Term
Lipofusicin
Definition
wear and tear pigment, age pigment, endogenous pigment accumulates in lysosomes of aging, non-dividing cells (neurons, muscle cells, etc.)
Term
Melanin
Definition
Brown, black pigments produced by melanocytes for protection of skin from UV light. Abnormal in Addison's disease
Term
Hemosiderin
Definition
Hemoglobin derivative, partially denatured ferritin, blue-black color in bruises
Term
Ferritin
Definition
Primary iron storage protein, available for hemoglobin and myoglobin synthesis
Term
Hemotin
Definition
Hemoglobin derived pigment of uncertain composisition seen in massive hemolysis
Term
Bilirubin
Definition
yellow-green endogenous pigment of bile which may produce jaundice during certain pathologies (ex. cirrhosis)
Term
Exogenous pigment
Definition
Anthracosis (coal), siderosis, silicosis, plumbism, argyria, tattoes
Term
Endogenous pigment
Definition
Lipofusicin, Melanin, Hemosiderin, Ferritin, Hemotin, Bilirubin
Term
Hemochromatosis
Definition
Excess absorption of iron in normal diet, believed to be genetic, common in men with bronze diabetes.
Term
Dystrophic calcium accumulation
Definition
Seen in dead and dying cells (ex. infarcts, damaged valves, appendicitis)
Term
Burnett's syndrome
Definition
Hyper-calcemia due to prolonged ingestion of milk simultaneously with alkali during peptic treatment
Term
Inflammation
Definition
Innate attempt to contain injury
Term
Inflammation
Definition
Induced by chemical, physical or microbial agents
Term
Inflammation
Definition
Dilation of blood vessels, fluid and defense cells enter tissue spaces to contain and heal injury
Term
Inflammation
Definition
Cell transverse endothelium via diapedis (emigration)
Term
Neutrophils
Definition
first to appear in acute inflammation, particularly in a microbial infection, most numerous, most phagocytic, most mobile WBC
Term
Eosinophils
Definition
Elevated in allergic reactions (ex. hay fever, no histamines, phagocytic to Ag-Ab complexes
Term
Basophils
Definition
Histamine and heparin containing WBC, role in allergies
Term
Lymphocyte
Definition
Non-phagocytic, agranulocyte, and smallest WBC
Term
Monocyte
Definition
Precursor to macrophage, largest of circulatory WBCs, agranulocyte
Term
Agglutination
Definition
Clumping of multiple particulate antigens by specific or homologous antibodies (ex. bacteria, RBCs)
Term
Precipitation
Definition
Forms when soluble antigen combines with homologous or specific antisera (ex. botulism toxin-anti-toxin complex)
Term
Neutralization
Definition
Inactivation of any antigen by specific, homologous antiserum
Term
Complement
Definition
A system of 9 different beta globulins, which participate and enhance certain Ag-Ab complexes.
Term
Hypersensitivity
Definition
Abnormally sensitive to any agent
Term
Immediate hypersensitivity
Definition
Antibody (IgE) dependent, mast cell-mediated (ex. ragweed, pollen, goldenrod, ect.)
Term
Delayed hypersensitivity
Definition
T-cell (t-lymphocyte) mediated (ex. Mantoux TB test, lemproma (leprosy) skin test, poison oak, poison ivy, transplants, etc.)
Term
Anaphylaxis
Definition
Extreme hypersensitivity to an allergen resulting in smooth muscle contraction (esp. lungs)
Term
Subsequent
Definition
Is it the first or subsequent exposure that results in anaphylaxis?
Term
Epinephrine
Definition
What medicine is used to correct anaphylaxis
Term
Autoimmunity
Definition
Defective immunity in which body attacks itself (ex. MS, RA, SLE, Addison's)
Term
Histamines
Definition
Produced in response to inflammation, released by basophils and mast cells, increases vascular permeability
Term
Leukocytes
Definition
What cells does histamine chemotactically motivate?
Term
Serotonin
Definition
Released during inflammation, in brain cells, mast cells and platelets, causes vasoconstriction
Term
Color, rubor, tumor, dolar, decreased function
Definition
Cardinal signs of acute inflammation
Term
Neutrophil
Definition
Predominant cell type during inflammation
Term
Granuloma
Definition
Microscopic lesion with mulit-nucleated giant epitheloid-like cells (transformed macrophages), results in chronic inflammation (ex. TB, sarcoidosis)
Term
Langhan's giant cell
Definition
granuloma lesion with horseshoe-shaped nucleus, appears in TB, sarcoidosis, tularemia
Term
Infectious granuloma
Definition
What granuloma is induced from TB, syphilis, leprosy and certain fungi?
Term
Foreign body granuloma
Definition
What granuloma is induced by surgical implants, sutures, etc.
Term
Allergic granulomas
Definition
Granulomas brought about by sensitivity to various agents (ex. Sarcoidosis, Rheumatic carditis)
Term
Sarcoidosis
Definition
May be due to foreign agent sensitivity (ex. dust from woodwork)
Term
Rheumatic carditis
Definition
May be due to sensitivity to "M" protein of Strep pyogenes which embeds itself in the heart (quasi autoimmunity)
Term
Giant cells (granuloma-associated cells)
Definition
What are Langhans (TB, Tularemia, Sarcoidosis), Aschoff (Rheumatic carditis), and Reed-Sternburg cells (Hodgkins)?
Term
Langhans
Definition
What cells are associated with TB, Tularemia, Sarcoidosis?
Term
Aschoff
Definition
What cells are associated with Rheumatic carditis?
Term
Reed-Sternburg
Definition
What cells are associated with Hodgkins?
Term
Serous inflammation
Definition
Mild injury evokes protein-poor exudates (ex. skin blister)
Term
Fibrinous inflammation
Definition
Severe injuries release exudates rich in protein and containing fibrinogen
Term
Rheumatic carditis, pneumonia, diphtheria
Definition
Fibrinous inflammation occurs in?
Term
Purulent (suppurative) inflammation
Definition
Liquifactive necrosis associated with infection and many neutrophils (ex. many cocci and pseudomonas)
Term
Membranous inflammation
Definition
formation of pseudo-membranes derived from a mixture of fibrin, dead cells, WBCs, microbes, toxins, ect. (ex. diphtheria and difficile)
Term
Granulomatous inflammation
Definition
rare type of inflammation, occurs in TB, syphilis, lymphogranuloma venereum and ceratain fungal diseases, has a distinct morphologic pattern
Term
Cellulitis (phlegmon)
Definition
Diffuse, red, non-circumscribed inflammation, sparead through tissue space and lymph, seen in Erysipelas from strep
Term
Types of inflammation
Definition
Surface (ex. pimple), inside tissue (ex. abscess), diffuse through tissue space (ex. erysipelas
Term
Boil (furuncle)
Definition
Infected hair follicle
Term
Carbuncle
Definition
boil with multiple heads
Term
Cyst
Definition
Closed sac or cavity containing fluid
Term
Ulcer
Definition
Excavation on surface of organ or tissue produced by inflammation leading to necrotic material
Term
Aphthous ulcer
Definition
canker sores inside mouth, resemble herpes, idiopathic
Term
Diabetic or senile ulcers
Definition
due to poor circulation
Term
Peptic ulcer
Definition
located in stomach or duodenum
Term
Cushing's ulcer
Definition
gastric acid-pepsin hypersecretion due to CNS issue (hypothalamus)
Term
Curling's ulcers
Definition
Stomach and duodenum, typical of burn victims
Term
regeneration
Definition
replacement of lost tissue (parenchymal or stromal)
Term
Cicatrisation (scar)
Definition
replacement by scar formation (granulation)
Term
Organization
Definition
Laying down granulation tissue (replace necrotic tissue with scar)
Term
Neutrophils/macrophages (clean up), fibroblasts (lay down scar tissue)
Definition
Cells involved in organization
Term
Scar formation
Definition
Collagen deposited by fibroblasts, vascularization penetrates lesion and provides nutrients
Term
Aspects of organization
Definition
WBC's (neutrophils) and macrophages remove necrotic debris and fibrin clot, fibroblasts lay down collagen for tensile strength, upon completion capillaries disappear and wound turns from red to white (healing)
Term
Keloid
Definition
Hyperplastic scar, elevation due to excess scar formation
Term
Inflammatory reaction cells
Definition
Neutrophiles, macrophages, fibroblasts, plasma cells, mast cells
Term
Healing by 1st intention/primary union
Definition
Clean edges in close proximity, few cells damaged, minimal scarring (ex. razor or sharp paper cut)
Term
Healing
Definition
Organization (laying down granulation tissue), granulation tissue (new CT), resolution (reabsorption of exudates/debris)
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